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| a very brief synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research. The _____of an entire book may be reduces to a single page |
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| as opposed to concrete terms, ________represent ideas or thoughts--generalities. They are concepts that cannot be seen (love, honor, courage, etc.) which the writer usually tries to illustrate by comparing it metaphorically to a known, concrete object. |
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| attacking another person's argument by attacking the person rather than the issue. In the political arena this is called "mudslinging" |
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| a saying or proverb embodying a piece of common wisdom based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language. |
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| the state of having more than one meaning, with resultant uncertainty as to the intended significance of the statement. _______ may be used consciously to reflect an author's view of the vagueness of life |
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the incorporation of an event, scene, or person who doesnt correspond with the time portrayed in the work..
example: Shak's use of a hat or book in Julius Caesar.. |
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a word or phrase made by transposing the letters of another, as "cask" for "sack".
anagrams have usually been employed as a trifling exercise of ambiguity, but writers sometimes use them to conceal proper names or to veil messages |
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a verse with 6 iambic feet (iambic hexameter).
The form is that of heroic verse in France.
Sir Edmund Spenser uses an alexandrine at the end of the Spenserian stanza |
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a story or description that has a 2nd meaning, typically portrayed by creating characters, setting, and/or events which represent or symbolize abstract ideas; a type of extended metaphor in which characters are personifications of abstract qualities.
example: PILGRIM'S PROGRESS |
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| the repitition of one or more initial sounds, usually consonants, in groups of words or a line of poetry. Old English versification and Middle English poetry relied largely on this.. |
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| a figure of speech that makes reference to a person, place, event, or other source meant to create an effect or enrich the meaning of an idea. both biblical and classical ____s are used extensively in lit. |
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| a comparison that points out similariites between two dissimilar things. They are often used to explain something unfamiliar by comparing it to something familiar. A simile expresses an _______; a metaphor is an implied one |
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a metrical foot that has 2 unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable..
example: da da DUM; CONTRADICT. |
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| one of the devices of repitition in which the same expression is repeated at the beginning of 2 or more lines, clauses, or sentences. It's used in the Bible and in Whitman's poetry |
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| a brief story used in an essay to illustrate a point |
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| the character or force in a story that works against the protagonist to produce tension or conflict. The "villain" is typically, but not always, this |
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| the word for which a pronoun stands |
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| a protagonist in a modern day play or novel who has the converse of most of the traditional attributes of the hero. He is typically graceless, inept, and sometimes stupid or dishonest. |
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the rhetorical opposition or contrast of words, clauses, or sentences. The balancing of one term against another.
Example: "Man proposes, God disposes" or "To err is human; to forgive, divine" |
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| a brief, sometimes clever saying that expresses a principle, truth, or observation about life |
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| the intentional failure to complete a sentence. The form may be used to convey extreme exasperation or to imply a threat, as in "if you do that, why I'll..." |
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| a literary device in which the speaker directly addresses someone dead, someone missing, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman as if he/she/it were present. Characteristic instances on _______ are found in invocations. |
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| using words that have some sound correspondence, but the rhyme is not perfect |
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| a term brought into literary criticism from the psychology of Carl Jung, who holds that beyond each individual's unconscious lies the "collective unconscious" of the human race-- the blocked off memory of our racial past. It applies to an image, a descriptive detail, a plot pattern, or a character type that occurs frequently in literature |
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| private words, spoken by an actor to the audience, that are not meant to be heard by other actors. |
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