Term
| what do organisms descend from? |
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Definition
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Term
| why does the population remain stable when organisms produce more offspring than can survive? |
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Definition
| limited resources on earth |
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Term
| what is it when individuals compete for resources and the better competitors survive? |
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Definition
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Term
| what comprises natural selection? |
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Definition
| all forces in an environment that cause differential reproduction among population members that differ in heritable traits |
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Term
| who proposed natural selection? (2 people) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| economist who influenced Darwin |
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Term
| who mentioned "survival of the fittest"? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 different outcomes of natural selection? |
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Definition
directional selection
diversifying selection
stabilizing selection |
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Term
| what does directional selection do? |
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Definition
| shifts the phenotypic "curve" of population |
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Term
| what does diversifying selection do? |
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Definition
| leads to a balance between 2 or more contrasting phenotypes |
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Term
| what does stabilizing selection do? |
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Definition
| maintains phenotype within normal range |
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Term
| what reduces genotypic variation the most? |
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Definition
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Term
| what leads to speciation? (species creation) |
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Definition
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Term
| in what type of natural selection do the most phenotypes remain? |
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Definition
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Term
| what leads to the least phenotypic variation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 observations of neo-Darwinism? (phenotypes, assortment, genetic variation source) |
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Definition
-phenotypes vary, variations are heritable
-independent assortment of chromosomes
-major genetic sources of variation is MUTATION |
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Term
| some ________ are better than others at helping individuals compete for resources |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| advantageous traits ("better genes") produce more offspring than members with less advantageous traits |
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Term
| what is an external characteristic? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of an external characteristic that changed? |
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Definition
| industrial revolution caused trees to turn black, white speckled moths were now killed more and black moths survived and reproduced more |
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Term
| what is the result of natural selection? |
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Definition
| selection for an evolution adaptation |
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Term
| what is an internal characteristic? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is DDT and what did it do? |
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Definition
mosquito pesticide
mosquitos with mutation that helps it survive DDT reproduce rapidly, eventually DDT stops working because almost all mosquitos are immune |
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Term
| what is evolution? (2 things) |
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Definition
change in allele frequency over time
change in appearance of population over time |
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Term
| who is Lamarck, when and where did he work, what did he do? |
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Definition
| 1809 published Theory of Evolution based on observations of fossil records in Natural History Museum in Paris |
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Term
| what did Lamarck propose? (2 parts) |
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Definition
mechanism of evolution
use/disuse of parts and inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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Term
| what part of Lamarck's proposition was accepted? what was not? |
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Definition
use/disuse - body parts used extensively to cope with environment became bigger/stronger while those not used deteriorated
acquiring characteristics -parents pass on acquired characteristics to offspring (ex. bigger biceps) |
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Term
| who made a visionary attempt to explain both the fossil record and current diversity of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| when was the Voyage of the Beagle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the best example of distribution of organisms observed by Darwin in the Galapagos islands? |
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Definition
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Term
| who is Alfred Russell Wallace? |
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Definition
| published joint paper with Darwin, "encouraged" him to publish his book |
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Term
| when did Darwin publish Origin of Species? |
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Definition
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Term
| when did Darwin and Wallace publish their paper? |
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Definition
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Term
| why did Darwin wait 23 years to publish his findings? |
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Definition
he focused on Barnacles
he knew it would be ridiculed, he wanted to protect his family
told his wife to publish if he died |
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