Term
| Who was Otto von Bismark? |
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Definition
| Otto Von Bismark was the man who designed and created the German Empire. He was the chancellor of Germany from 1871 - 1890. He believed in aggressive nationalism. |
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Term
| What role did Otto von Bismark play in preparing Germany for WW1? |
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Definition
He was the chancellor (head of government) of Germany.
1. Uniting the state within Germany
2. Building the army/naval forces
3. Developing the economy and expanding the German empire
4. Seeking allies in neighbouring states (Italy and Austria) while seeking to isolate France |
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Term
| What was the Ottoman Empire? |
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Definition
| The Ottoman Empire was large Turkish empire (including Greeks, Romanians, Albanians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Jews) that had stretched from East to North Africa and Europe in the 15th century. |
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Term
| Why was the Ottoman Empire called the 'sick man of Europe' in the late 19th century? |
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Definition
Because it was in decline by 1870, because the Central Ottoman government in Istanbul lost control of its empire. Tensions due to mix of races and religions. Slavic people wanted independence from their Turkish rulers.
For example, Greece rose up against the Ottoman Empire in the 1820's. Britain, France and Russia came to Greece's aid and forced the Turks to give Greek independence. |
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Term
| What is an example of militarism as a cause of WW1? |
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Definition
| The navel race between Britain and Germany (trying to make sure they each had a better navy than the other) - they had many battleships made, that are still considered some of the most powerful modern ones. They were bent upon destroying each other. Germany had the strongest army in Europe, whereas Britain had the strongest navy. They therefore balanced each other out. |
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Term
| What is an example of allies as a cause of WW1? |
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Definition
The Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and the Triple Entente (Russia, France and Britain).
Split Europe into two main hostile groups. Neither side meant these alliances to create war. Any change in balance of power meant that war would start, it was that delicate. If one member went to war, all others were dragged in. Because the major powers had empires, troops could be dragged from all over the world into a war. A war involving these European great powers was certain to be a world war. |
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Term
| What is an example of imperialism as a cause of WW1? |
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Definition
Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force or colonies.
Britain and Germany held the greatest number of colonies in 1914.
Britain wanted to own territory from the south to the north in Africa so that it could link Cape Town to Cairo by railway. This did not work because the Germans and French blocked the way. |
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Term
| What is an example of nationalism as a cause of WW1? |
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Definition
Devotion to one's own country or culture.
Slavic people in Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted to break away from foreign rule and become independent. France was angry and humiliated after losing Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in 1871 |
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Term
| What is an example of crises as a cause of WW1? |
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Definition
| Balkan Crisis - Serbia wanted to make a big Serb nation. Wanted to expand upwards. Russia thought it was a good idea, cos they'd be part of it and it was their ethnic group being brought together, and they'd gain access to the Mediterranean. Germany/Austria was like "NOOO! You are my enemies and I don’t want you to have good things. I shall take over Bosnia so that your plan fails." then Serbia + Russia got pissed at Germany + Austria. |
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Term
| What does MAIN C stand for? |
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Definition
| Militarism, allies, imperialism, nationalism, crises |
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Term
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Definition
| Archduke of Austria in 1914. |
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Term
| What was the significance of Franz Ferdinand's assassination? |
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Definition
| This was the final small "spark" or "flame" that finally tipped all of Europe and the rest of the world over the edge and into war. |
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Term
| What was the July crisis? |
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Definition
On June 28, 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife were on a state visit to Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia. Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian student supported by a Serbian secret society called the 'Black Hand', murdered them both as they drove through the streets.
28 July - Austria declares war on Serbia.
31 July - Russia prepares troops to protect Serbia.
Germany demands that Russia demobilise troops.
1 August - Germany declares war on Russia.
3 August - Germany declares war on France (with plans to conquer France quickly and then face Russian troops in north).
4 August - German troops sweep into Belgium to attack France from the North.
Britain demands German withdrawal from Belgium. Germany refuses. Britain declares was on Germany. |
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Term
| What was the Schlieffen Plan? |
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Definition
| The Schlieffen Plan was an ultimate military plan of Germany's, for if, in future wars, they needed to be fighting on two fronts: France (to the East) and Russia (to the West). (WWI then became the war in which Germany had to fight France and Russia at the same time.) The aim of the plan was to use the weaknesses (especially time) of Russia and France to Germany's advantage, and avoid having to have troops placed on two fronts. |
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Term
| Was the Schlieffen Plan successful? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Britain join the war? |
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Definition
| They got pulled in through their old, old, old alliance with Belgium. (Belgium was under attack, so Britain had to jump in and save them, because of the old alliance.) |
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Term
| Why was it said that Britain joined the war over a 'scrap of paper'? |
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Definition
| A long time ago, Britain signed a piece of paper saying 'Belgium is a neutral state, no one touches it, we back it up and are here for it and declare that we agree its neutral'. Then when Germany invaded Belgium, Britain was like 'Cause we signed that paper way back, we have to go help Belgium… Watch out Germany!' It was a very old scrap of paper so people wondered why it mattered. |
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Term
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Definition
| Information, especially of a misleading nature, used to promote a particular political cause or point of view. |
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Term
| Why was propaganda used during WW1? |
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Definition
| To bring news to people, put forward opinions and persuade people to do things for the war effort. |
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Term
| What was the Western Front? |
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Definition
| The Western Front was a major front where much of the fighting in WW1 occurred. It was situated between France and Germany, running through parts of Belgium. It moved around a lot during the war. |
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Term
| What were the characteristics of warfare on the Western Front? |
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Definition
| Warfare on the Western Front was mainly trench warfare. Men became lice-ridden, disease spread quickly, trench foot was common. |
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Term
| What countries were involved in fighting on the Western Front? |
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Definition
| Germany, France, Belgium, Britain, America. |
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Term
| Apart from the Western Front, list two other places where battle was fought during WW1. |
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Definition
| The Eastern Front and the Italian Front. |
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Term
| Why did the US (Americas) enter the war? |
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Definition
America entered the war because they were infuriated that Germany sunk the Lusitania, and then they decoded the Zimmerman Telegram and got even more annoyed, and decided to take action.
Lusitania (a British luxury liner) by submarine in the North Atlantic on May 7, 1915. This was massive because the Lusitania was not part of the war at all - only had civilians on board.
The Zimmerman Telegram (a coded message) was discovered and decoded. It proposed a German-Mexican alliance and suggested Mexico start a war with the United States. |
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Term
| Why was the sinking of the Lusitania so crucial? |
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Definition
| The sinking of the Lusitania was so crucial because Germany sunk it on unlawful terms. The vessel was purely a passenger boat and had no involvement in the war. The Germans killed a whole ship full of civilians for no good reason. |
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Term
| What significance does the Zimmerman Telegram have in WW1? |
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Definition
| The Zimmerman Telegram was so crucial to WW1 because it pretty much made the US join the war. |
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Term
| How was warfare in WW1 different from earlier wars, and what new weapons and technologies were used in the conflict? |
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Definition
| WW1 involved primarily trench warfare. Gas, tanks and planes were all new technologies used in the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological disturbance caused by exposure to warfare, especially being under bombardment. |
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Term
| Why did World War One end? |
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Definition
| WW1 ended because Germany signed the armistice and agreed to peace, because they were losing. |
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Term
| When did the First and Second Moroccan Crises occur? |
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Definition
First Moroccan Crisis - 1905.
Second Moroccan Crisis - 1911. |
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Term
| When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Germany invade Belgium? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the allied troops first land at Gallipoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Lusitania sunk? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did USA declare war on Germany? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Germany sign the armistice? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When did Austria annex Bosnia? |
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Definition
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