Documents by Supreme Court stating that the court will review a decision made by lower court

Most are rejected

Requires vote of 4 justices

Government official responsible for presenting before the court the postion the position of the presidential administration

signals that the president and attorney general have strong views on subject

Employed by Justice Department

Power of courts to declare null and void laws of Congress and state legislatures that are unconstitutional

Marbury vs. Madision

asserted court's authority and lack of authority

invoked power of Judicial review for the 1st time

"let the decision stand"

in court rulings, reliance on consistency with precedents

Senate- 30 years old/ citizen of state (resident)

7 yrs in U.S

state constintuency

100

House- 25 years old/ citizen of state (resident)

9 yrs in U.S

district constintuency

435

form given out every 10 years, gives demographics of the nation. (age, maritial status, age, education)

Importance:

• giving funds to districts with low SES
• Apportionment

decide on destricts

Based on:

population

demograhics

Importance: gov't cuts up poor areas into districts to apportion the area.

"2 chambers"

In the U.S we have Congress

House and Senate

Standing Committee: Permanent; fixed membership/jurisdiction. (sub committee)

Select Committee: temporary, deals with specific issues (also a sub committee) After the bill has been passed, committee no longer exists.

NOTHING

Except Rules Committee- found in the House.

In Congress: Speaker of the House- usually does not vote unless there is a close call between the republican & democrats

Recognize people to the floor, if someone wants to debate on an issue or bring up bill for debate, she will let you talk, otherwise you are not allowed to speak

Always from the majority party

Right hand man: cheif lutendent, majority leader.  

Majority leader

(House)

member with most senority (most experienced, been there the longest)

Function: organize the communication and committees for the party

Vice President

(Senate)

Vice President- "President of the Senate"

Purpose:

Tie breaker- casts deciding vote.

Barely present- President por tempore is.

President "pro tempore"

(Senate)

Every 435 members of House get their own staff, called Whips

Purpose:

File paper work

Keep up convos among Congressmen

(Senate)

unlimited debate that occurs to stop a bill from happening.

No restriction on time and topics

Delays voting, if they are still debating- no one can vote.

Agreement among senators to get the person performing the filibuster to stop talking.

2/3 vote stops debate

running for a position you have already been in.

generally will get reelected.

Federal gov't appoints senators

State population (and the gov't) appoint senators

Democratic/ Republican

Influencial on policies

Represent the people

Much more extreme than constituency

House: 435 members, more committees, specialization usually happens here

Senate: 100 members, less committees, less specialization

trade of favors

example: if I'm trying to pass a democrat bill, I would have to bribe a republican to help vote for it

Critical: influence... able to write earmarks. (main reason reps want to be on committees)

Checks: Biggest- veto

1. introduction (sponsor, co sponsor)

2. Refer to a committee (give bill to mulitiple committees- multiple refferal

3. give to sub committee (mark up the bill, make changes)

4. Full Committee- (mark up)

5. House Rules Committee- Set rules for how Bill will be debated. (Open: ammendments allowed. Closed: no ammendments)

6. Debate

7. Conference Committee- merge bills, make identicle (house and senate)

8. Send to House and Senate for approval

9 President signs or Vetos

35 years old

natural citizen (born in u.s)

Resident for 14 years

Terms: 4 years long only 2

first 100 days

people still like him

most persuasive

• Veto
• appointment power
• embassadors/ministries
• need senate approval (2/3)
• Inherent powers - powers not writen word for word in constitution

powers not written word for word in constitution

Executive Order: proclamation made by president- has force of law, not confirmed by congress, ends with term.

• Right hand man of President
• Goes to Press conferences
• Talks to the people
• foreign affairs

Done by the House

acknowledging president committed a crime

Removal: done by senate, 2/3 vote

happened before?: Clinton, he was impeached but not removed from office

1: party for President

1: House, Senate, or both are of a different party

• Senate approval
• senate can remove him
• Congress can override President's vetos (congressional overrides)
• (2/3)

Sign

veto

pocket veto

can mark sections out, half gets through (line item veto)

Iron triangle

 Bureacracy, Interest groups, and Congress

Interest groups --> ask for legislastion to pass law in favor --> Congress --> implement laws --> Bureacracy -->Agencies: little branch of that bureacracy

agency < department

independent and exists to deal with business

creates civil service commission

end spoils system

jobs are given out based on merit (qualified)

Hatch: federal employees appear neutral, can't tell someone who to vote for

red tape- too many restrictions

bureacracy too large

slow to implement

bureacracy, congress, and every other job is politicized.

people don't get a job based on qualification.

Federal and State

• Trial (lots of cases)
• Appeals: look at procedural issues
• Supreme (very few)

Fed Supreme Court: 9 justices, 1 cheif + 8 judges

supreme court will look at your case

rule of 4

refer to senators for judge approval

informal (doesn't have to be done)

but does so he doesnt nominate someone everyone hates

seperate is equal.

instead of make changes, want things to stay the same (precent)