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| What the public thinks about a particular issue or set of iisues at any point in time. |
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| Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population. |
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| Unscientific surveys used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies. |
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| The process through which an individual acquires particular political orientations; the learning process by which people acquire their political beliefs and values. |
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| The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government helf by groups and individuals. |
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| A method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected. |
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| A variation of random sampling census data are used to divide the country into four sampling regions. Sets of counties and standard metropolitan statistical areas are then randomly selected in proportion to the total national population. |
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| Polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against the candidate. |
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| Continuous surveys that enable a campaign to chart its daily rise or fall in support. |
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| Polls conducted at selected polling places on election day. |
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| Sampling Error or margin of error |
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| A measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll. |
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| A group of office holders, candidates, activists, and voteres who identify with a group label and seek to elect to public office individuals who run under that label. |
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| The office holders and candidates who run under a political party's banner. |
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| The workers and activists who staff the party's formal organization. |
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| The voters who consider themselves allied or associated with the party. |
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| A party organization that recruits its members with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity. |
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| The selection of party candidates through the ballots of qualified voters rather than at party nomination conventions. |
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| These acts removed the staffing of the bureaucracy from political parties and created a professional bureaucracy filled through competition. |
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| Politics that focuses on specific issues rather than on party, candidate, or other loyalties. |
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| To vote for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election. |
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| A group of interests or organizations that join forces for the purpose of electing public officials. |
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| A statement of the general and specific philosophy and policy goals of a political party, usually promulgated at the national convention. |
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| A party conclave held in the presidential election year for the purposes of nominating a presidential and vice presidnetial ticket and adopting a platform. |
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| Institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas. |
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| A citizen's personal affinity for a political party, usually expressed by his or her tendency to vote for the candidates of that party. |
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| The tendency of third parties to arise with some regularity in a nominally two-party system. |
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| Proportional Representation |
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| A voting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a particular political party. |
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| A form of newspaper publishing in vogue in the late-nineteenth century that featured pictrues, comics, color, and sensationalized, oversimplified news coverage. |
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| A form of journalism, in vogue in the early twentieth century, concerned with reforming government and business conduct. |
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| The traditional form of mass media, comprising newspapers, magazines, and journals. |
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| The broadcast and cable media, including television, radio, and the Internet. |
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| An association of broadcast stations that share programming through a financial arrangement. |
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| Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network. |
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| An electronic delivery of news gathered by the news service's correspondents and sent to all member news media organizations. |
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| A document offering an official comment or position. |
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| A relatively restricted session between a press secretary or aide and the press. |
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| An unrestricted session between an elected official and the press. |
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| Information provided to a journalist that will not attributed to a named source |
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| Information Provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to any source. |
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| Information provided to a journalist that will not be released to the public. |
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| Information provided to a journalist that can be released and attributed by name to the source. |
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| New York Times Co. v. Sullivan(1964) |
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| The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. |
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| The influence of news sources on public opinion. |
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| Government attempts to regulate the electronic media. |
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| The rule that requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if the choose to sell it to any. |
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| Rule in effect from 1949 to 1985 requiring broadcasters to cover events adequately and to present contrasting views on important public issues. |
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