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16th Century Art in Italy
Virginia Tech: ARTH 2386: Dan Weiss: Spring 2010: Test 1: Ch 20 pt 1
18
Art History
Undergraduate 2
02/22/2010

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: The Last Supper

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci

Date:1495-98

Medium: Tempera and oil on plaster (intonaco)

 

Extra

-For the refectory (dining hall) of Duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan

-3 groups of 4 disciples (Judas, Peter, John the Evangelist all played important roles and are in the same grouping)

-Jesus is shown as pyramid-shape in center, exhibiting a calm demeanor in spite of chaos

-Intonaco has deteriorated and door was cut into bottom

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Virgin & St. Anne with the Christ Child

and the Young John the Baptist 

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci

Date: c. 1500

Medium: Charcoal heightened

with white on brown paper

 

Extra

-May be a cartoon, but no known painting has been associated

-Illusion of high relief by modeling figures with chiaroscuro 

-emphasizes complex interaction/circular movements

-displays individual/connected importance of each figure

Term
cartoon
Definition

a full-scale drawing used to transfer the

outline of a design onto a surface

(ex: wall, canvas, panel, tapestry, etc)

 to be painted, carved or woven

 

ex: Leonardo da Vinci's Virgin & St. Anne

 with the Christ Child and the Young John the Baptist

Term
chiaroscuro
Definition

an Italian word designating the contrast of dark and light in a painting, drawing or print; it creates spacial depth and volumetric forms through gradations in the intensity of light and shadow

 

ex: Leonardo da Vinci's Virgin & St. Anne

 with the Christ Child and the Young John the Baptist

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Mona Lisa 

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci

Date: c. 1503-06

Medium: Oil on Wood Panel

 

Extra

- Half-length figure rather than traditonal upper torso only

- Enigmatic smile, mysterious, flirtatious

- Leonardo didn't deliver the painting, kept it

- Use of sfumato to give a smoky haze

- Leonardo thought dusk was the finest time of day because it naturally gives off that kind of light

 

Term
sfumato
Definition
Italian term meaning "smoky", soft, and mellow; in painting, the effect of haze in an image; resembling the atmosphere of dusk, giving a smoky effect
Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Vitruvian Man

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci

Date: c. 1490

Medium: Ink

 

Extra

- Takes into account Vitruvius' De architectura

description of the proportions of the ideal male figure

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: The Small Cowper Madonna

Artist: Raphael

Date: c. 1505

Medium: Oil on Wood Panel

 

Extra

- Reflects Leonardo's influence

- producing simple grandeur with monumental shapes

- pyramid-shape of mother and spiraling infant

- figure-enhancing draperies of Virgin

- Figures softened through the light of the outdoor scenery

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Stanza della Segnatura (Room of the Signature)

Artist: Raphael

Date:1510-1511

Medium: Fresco

 

Extra

- Intended to be Pope Julius II's library/study

- Julius II thought human knowledge existed under power of divine wisdom

-individual walls represented religion (Disputa), philosophy (School of Athens), poetry (Parnassus), and law (the Cardinal Virtues under Justice)

- Rival Michelangelo was working on Sistine Chapel ceiling at same time

 

 

 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: School of Athens

Artist: Raphael

Date: c. 1510-1511

Medium: Fresco

 

Extra

- Plato (center-left) has hand pointed up: the "ideal" is impossible to obtain on earth

- Aristotle (center-right) has hand pointed down: gather empirical knowledge of material world

- Uses view from trompe l'oeil arch

- the artist and other High Renaissance figures may be depicted

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Pieta

Artist: Michelangelo

Date: c. 1500

Medium: Sculpture in Marble

 

Extra

- Only thing Michelangelo signed

- Youthful virgin shows beauty through closeness to God

- Pieta = "pity" as Mary mourns Jesus, rather than lamenation scenes (Mary with others)

- Commissioned by French cardinal for tomb monument in St. Peter's Basilica

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: David

Artist: Michelangelo

Date: c. 1501-04

Medium: Sculpture in marble

 

Extra

- Frown/stare indicates he is readying himself psychologically for danger ahead in battle (unlike Donatello's, who looks heroic AFTER defeat)

- Heroic stature enforces supremacy of "right" over "might"

- Originally on buttress of Florence Cathedral outside Palazzo della Signoria

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Artist: Michelangelo

Date: c. 1508-12

Medium: Fresco

 

Extra

- "Sistine" for builder, Pope Sixtus (Sisto) IV

- Frescoes commissioned under Pope Julius II

- Limitations for Michelangelo started out strict, but decreased over time

- Subdivided ceiling

Perimeter: Prophets/Sybils

Triangles: Jesus' ancestors

Middle: Narrative of Creation to Post-Flood

Starts over alter, ends near chapel entrance

Strangely painted in reverse order

Corners: Old Testament

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Creation of Adam, Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Artist: Michelangelo

Date: c. 1511-12

Medium: Fresco

 

Extra

- Adam was created in the likeness of God

- God (outstretched/active) is giving Adam (limp hand) the "spark of life"

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Moses

Artist: Michelangelo

Date: c.1513-16, 1542-45

Medium: Sculpture in marble

 

Extra

- Originally tomb for Julius II, but wasn't finished by his death

- End result is only 1/4 of original design (4 seated prophets)

- Moses, although seated, looks like a man of action

- he's holding tablets from Mt. Sinai (God's Testaments)

- drapery and flowing beard overflow niche

Term
[image]
Definition

Title: Tempietto (Little Temple)

Church of San Pietro in Montorio

Artist: Donato Bramante

Date: c. 1502-10, restored 17th century

 

Extra

- Commissioned by Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain

- Located in Rome, over where the apostle Peter was believed to have been crucified

- Centralized plan, tall drum supporting hemispherical dome

like martyria and Roman circular temples

-Deep wall niches show dark/light contrasts

 

Term

Evolution of St. Peter's Basilica

Definition

4 Century: Old St. Peter's Basilica (over St. Peter's remains)

- Constantine commissioned

- Transept to accomodate many

- Walls of followers

1504: Plans by Bramante

- Greek cross, all sides equal = perfection of God

- Old demolished and new commissioned by Pope Julis II

- Death of Julius II and Bramante before completion

1546-64: Plans by Michelangelo

- Simpler, but maintains Greek cross

- Giacoma della Porta gives dome taller profile

1607-12: Plans by Maderno

- Latin cross extends nave, provides more room for congregation

- Commissioned by Paul V during Counter-Reformation

- Gianlorenzo Bernini adds enormous piazza later in century

- 20th Century:  wide avenue connects piazza and Tiber River

 

Term

martyrium (pl. martyria)

Definition
In Christian architecture, a church, chapel, or shrine built over the grave of a martyr or the site of a great miraclue
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