Arcadian Landscape:

In Renaissance and later art, depictions of an idyllic place of rural peace and simplicity.

Contrapposto:

The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part, creating a counterpositioning of the body about its central axis.

Genre (the everyday):

A kind of painting that realistically depicts scenes from everyday life.

Humanism: 

In the renaissance, an emphasism on expanding knowledge, the exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, and a commitment to civic responsibility and moral duty.

Mechanical Perspective:

Drawing and painting accurate depictions of an object.

Sfumato:

Italian, "smoky". A smokelike haziness that subtly softens outlines in painting.

Stylized Figures:

represented according to some convention, rather than in a realistic or literal manner
 

Vanitas: 

A term describing paintings that include references to death.