Hunter's Summer Coat

-designed to please the hunter's prey

-caribou skin, sniew and fish-egg paint

-triangle=sacred mountain

-"takminaktuk" = "it is good to look at/beautiful"

Tungaks

-"dangerous spirits"

-roam all over the artic waste

-they must be placated with offerings, sacrifices, and rituals. 

-ivory carving of a shaman with a drum in two worlds.

-shamans enter the spirit world through a narrow dangerous passageway. 

Memorial Figures over grave boxes. 

-ancestor spirits protect their descendents.

Northwest Coast

-a richer environment, heavily wooded with ample hunting and fishing, no agriculture necessary and little knowledge of metal. 

-The houses represents clan animals whose bodies are entered when entering the space. 

-Each family has a private sleeping space with storage above. working and cooking spaces are communal. 

- (northwest coast)

"Hole in the Sky"

-each pole tells a story from clan history. Here, a wolf kidnaps a child of the bear clan. 

- also erecting totem pole picture. 

Chilkat Blanket

-upside down it resembles the shape of a clan house. 

-men make the pattern boards, women spin and twine goat/dog hair on cedar board warp. 

Coppers: the most highly valued gift with clan crest, worth up to 10,000 Chilkat blankets. 

-the chief who sponsors a potlatch receives a cannibal woman mask, which he wears while distributing wealth. The man who can tame this spirit of the forest brings back great treasure. 

-Kwakiutl food dish as cannibal woman of the forest (Tsonoqua), wood and fur. 

Killer Whale by Bill Reid Haida

-17 foot bronze 1984

-traditional themes combined with a western medium and form of display. 

Mesa Verde

-cliff dwelling - central planning and communal living. 

-the KIVA embodies the myth of the four worlds

-kiva symbolism: 

fire pit- first world

floor- second world

platform - third world

roof- fourth world (the present)

-Kiva painting shows the story of magic water pots and seeds. 

Parrot Woman (fertility) in the underworld with mosquito man (blood sacrifice). 

Kachinas="respect spirits" and come from the holy mountains in the west to renew fertility at the winter solstice. 

Kachinas have three forms:

1. spirits

2. masked incarnations (someone is possessed)

3. children's dolls (carved from cottonwood roots)

MASTOP KACHINA MASK

-black masks=interstellar space

-dots=constellations, e.g. orion and the peiades. 

--backward L's=9 days of soyala ritual. 

-painted ceramic vessel by the Princeton Painter

-with a scene showing the hero twins in Xibalba

-ball represents the sun's journey through the underworld

- ball courts are symbolic sources of water. 

- hieroglyphs indicate celestial markings on the ball courts.