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| ____ took the first photograph in ______. |
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| The Republican Government annnouces the invention of photography by _______ in ______. |
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| Copies were made possible by the invention of ________. |
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| ______ produces first photographic negatives in _______. |
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| ______ introduces combination printing in ______. |
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| Gustave Le Gray, in 1850. |
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| ______ invents the cartes de visite, or visiting card, in ______. |
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| Niépce called his process _____. |
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| Many famous French photographers of the late nineteenth century came out of the studio of _______. |
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| Daguerreotypes were ______ objects. |
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| What is meant by the term 'unique object'? |
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| Image is not reproducible. What the camera produces is the one final product. |
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1850 - He put the first negative on glass
1851 - he helped to found the Société Héliographique, the "first photographic organization in the world“
Became official photographer of Napoleon the III |
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| visiting card, a photograph mounted on cardboard. This enables the mass production and distribution of photographs. |
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| French landscape painters were in opposition to Italian schools because they... |
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| rejected clear ordered space and recession. |
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| Millet's work is noteworthy because he... |
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| shows sympathy for the poor laboring classes. Their figures are intense and focused. |
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| As opposed to traditional studio paintings, Corot's work showed... |
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| attention to actual visual phenomena in the outdoors. |
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Italian missionary to China
first artist to introduce Western techniques of perspective and accurate depiction of figures |
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| The leading site for art and culture in China |
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| Rise of 'Shanghai-style' was led by ____. |
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| Ren Xiong: mineral pigments on a ground of gold leaf each leaf has a line of calligraphy |
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| Zhao Zhiqian was known for... |
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incorporating elements from ancient inscriptional carvings into his paintings
His bright palette peppered with brilliant oranges, greens pinks and purples
Master calligraphy |
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| an illustrator for Shanghai’s first pictorial magazine. |
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Emperors were largely ceremonial
The real power lay in the hands of the shoguns (dictators) who ruled from Edo (Toyko).
Occupation determined by birth |
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"Pictures of the floating world"
created for and by the lower strata of society
secular, unapologetically plebian, sometimes even anti-aristocratic |
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“brocade pictures”
developed by Suzuki Harunobu
emphasis on pattern |
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Torii Kiyonaga, 1787
opposites brought together: awkwardness and grace, realism and stylization, naked and dressed figures, wet and dry
The space is made of seemingly half hazard arrangements - "artlessness" is what gives it interest |
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| Hishikawa Moronobu (c. 1625-1695) |
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| generally considered the founder of Ukiyo-e. |
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| Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) |
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Was considered the greatest master of Ukiyo-e in the early nineteenth century
Produced 30,000 drawings - an important historical record of the period. |
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| The Great Wave off Kanazawa |
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Katsushika Hokusai, 1823-39
Emphasis on pattern (very Japanese), color
Hokusai's landscapes were very popular |
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| Utagawa Hiroshige, (1797-1858) |
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younger contemporary of Hokusai
he would use natural components of the foreground to frame the background |
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| Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) |
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| Courbet's paintings are characterized by their weight, their ability to give the beholder the impression that he can enter it, physically. |
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Courbet, 1849
Shows burial in a public graveyard, not a church yard proper.
Signaled a landmark Republican victory of the Clergy. Reaction was hostile. |
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Courbet, 1854-55.
A sort of rhyming takes place between the painting within the painting and its surroundings
Allegorically, a reference to political problems, historical problems and the subject matter of art. |
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| Aftermath of Revolution of 1830: |
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Charles X overthrown because of his restrictive politics
People left leaderless
A group of bourgeois by give the government to the Orleans scion Louis-Philippe, empowering the bourgeoisie. |
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| Published La Caricature and Le Charivari, satirical journals. |
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| King Louis-Philippe's 'pear-image' was developed by _____. |
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Daumier, 1830s
Gluttonous, pear-headed monarch devouring gold |
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| Louis Philippe area characterized by: |
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greed
oppression of the poor
no freedom of press |
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Important caricaturist, photographer, and balloonist
Lent his studio to a group now known as teh Impressionists so they could have their first show. |
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| Why was caricature feared by those in power? |
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it could communicate political discourse to an illiterate population.
It was easy to reproduce through lithography, and hard to control. |
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suffered enormously under the censorship of Louis-Philippe
did fun engravings of animals in human occupations |
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morceaux: a "picture", something aesthetically pleasing
tableaux: a literal picture with a story, such as Oath of the Horatii |
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Beginnings of realism
Studied under Couture, who Manet saw as Pompadour |
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Manet, 1862
Basically a 'cut and paste' of figures taken from earlier French master works
Maybe it was created to recover a specifically French tradition, against Neo-classicism? |
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Manet, 1865
Canvas is raw, almost dirty
Sparked controversy, hostility
Looked kind of like widely-circulated, private photographic porn. Manet was bringing this to the public? |
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