Term
| Organization of cardiovascular system |
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Definition
Consists of pulmonary and systemic circulations.
Circuits go in series (Artery to arteriole to capillaries, etc.) and in parallel (branch off to different organs). |
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Term
| Cardiac Output of CV system |
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Definition
| Established by the aorta. About 5L/min |
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Term
| Properties of veins and venules |
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Definition
Have very minor resistance components, essentially just tubes for transporting blood.Smooth flow of blood in veins, no pulsatile flow.
1. Returns deoxygenated blood to right atrium
2. Capacitance (contains largest % of blood)
3. Blood Volume Reserve |
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Term
| Properties of capillaries |
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Definition
Single cell thick, facilitates exchange of gases and metabolites.. Has the most cross sectional area out of all CV vessels.
1. Oxygen offloading to tissues.
2. CO2 pickup to lungs
3. Metabolite Exchange |
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Term
| Sequence of blood flow in CV System |
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Definition
| Left atrium->Left ventricle->Aorta->Arteries->Arterioles->Capillaries->Venules->Veins->IVC and SVC->Right Atrium->Right Ventricle->Pulmonary Artery->Lungs->Pulmonary Veins->Back to left atrium |
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Term
| Properties of Aorta and Arteries |
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Definition
1. Blood flow/distribution
2. Elastic, creates pulsatile flow
3. Creates resistance through arterioles |
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Term
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Definition
Flow= (P1-P2)/R
Differences in pressure is driving force for flow. |
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Term
| Pressure in left ventricle and right ventricle |
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Definition
| LV pressure (~120mmHg)>RV pressure (~12-20mmHg) |
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Term
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Definition
(Aortic Pressure-Right Atrium Pressure)=CO x TPR
*CO=flow |
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Term
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Definition
| (Pressure of Pul. Art.-Pressure of Left Atrium)=CO x TPuR |
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Term
| Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) equation |
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Definition
MAP=CO x TPR
MAP=1/3 Pulse pressure + Diastolic pressure |
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Term
| Factors that affect blood flow speed |
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Definition
V=Q/A
The larger the cross sectional area, the slower the blood flow. Cross sectional area in capillaries optimized for nutrient exchange. Blood flow slow in capillaries, fast in aorta, heart and vena cava. |
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Term
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Definition
Normal blood flow, silent.
Unidirectional with blood in center of vessel traveling faster than blood in periphery (due to resistance of walls of vessel). Functional consequence: cells travel in center of vessel, with extracellular fluid near walls. |
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Term
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Definition
Pathological, inefficient flow.
Caused by high velocity blood flow. Commonly check for turbulent flow in carotid artery of elderly patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Noise generated by turbulent flow in heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Noise generated by turbulent flow in arteries. |
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Term
| Series resistance in CV system |
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Definition
Total resistance=R1+R2+R3+R4...
Occurs when going from artery to arteriole to capillaries to venules to veins. |
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Term
| Parallel Resistance in CV System |
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Definition
Total Resistance= (1/R1)+(1/R2)+(!/R3)...
Occurs when vessels branch to different organs. |
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Term
| Factors affecting resistance |
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Definition
1. Length of Vessel
2. Fluid Viscosity
3. Radius (most important)
Arterioles tune resistance by changing radius. |
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Term
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Definition
| Right and left ventricles contract and eject blood into pulmonary artery and aorta respectively. Atrial valve is closed during ventricle contraction. Pressure in system is maximal, can be felt as a pulse. Closure of the atrial valve creates dichrotic notch in the pressure peak. |
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Term
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Definition
| Right and left ventricles are filling with blood for the next contraction. The atria contract to fill ventricles with the maximum amount of blood.Atrial valve is closed. Pressure in CV system is at its lowest point. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of systole (1/3) and diastole (2/3). |
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Term
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Definition
| Systolic pressure-Diastolic Pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct Catheterization and BP Cuff |
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Term
| Direct Catheterization for BP |
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Definition
| One tip of catheter is positioned perpendicular to flow, commonly inserted into radial artery. Other side is hooked to pressure transducer. Can measure BP in Heart, Arteries or Veins. Usually used in ICU or surgery, very invasive. |
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Term
| Measurement of BP using BP cuff |
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Definition
1. Increase pressure in cuff until it exceeds the systolic pressure.
2. Slowly release pressure in cuff until cuff pressure=systolic pressure.
3. This allows a spurt of tubulent flow blood to pass through brachial artery, can be heard through steth (Systolic BP).
4. When pressure in cuff=diastolic, the brachial artery is no longer constricted, laminar flow returns and noise dissipates (Diastolic BP). |
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