Term
| what are the 2 circuits of the double circulation system? |
|
Definition
| pulmonary (lungs) and systematic (body) |
|
|
Term
| how many chambers are in the heart of a double circulation system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is a double circulation system beneficial? |
|
Definition
| birds and mammals are endothermic, so they need more energy and need the blood to travel faster |
|
|
Term
| what is a valve from the ventricle called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 places there are always valves? |
|
Definition
| from atrium to ventricle and ventricle out |
|
|
Term
| what are the valves from the atrium to the ventricle called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which side of the heart is thicker and stronger? why? |
|
Definition
left side
must pump blood to entire body |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 things that osmoregulation regulates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of osmoregulation? to maintain what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the 3rd thing that osmoregulation regulates? what does that contain? What does that correlate with? |
|
Definition
wastes
N
nucleic acids and amino acids |
|
|
Term
| what is it called when the amino group (NH2) is cleaved off? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do verts and inverts use for deamination? |
|
Definition
inverts: digestive gland
verts: liver |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 different types of waste NH2 can produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what animals produce ammonia? why? is it basic or acidic? |
|
Definition
fish, water animals
water can dilute out or get rid of the basic NH3
basic |
|
|
Term
| what animals produce urea? is it basic or acidic? |
|
Definition
mammals, most amphibians, sharks, some bony fish
neutral |
|
|
Term
| what animals produce uric acid? why? |
|
Definition
birds, insects, many reptiles, land snails
can be excreted in solid form, so there is little H2O needed |
|
|
Term
| what substance is found in cleidoic eggs? what does this say about it? |
|
Definition
uric acid
it is a very neutral substance |
|
|
Term
| what is a good description of excretory systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 mechanisms used by the excretory system? |
|
Definition
filtration
reabsorption/secretion
excretion |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 ways the ES does filtration? |
|
Definition
| body fluids into ES via either force or osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
| what are the solutes of the ES called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the ES perform reabsorption/secretion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the ES perform excretion/what is excretion? what form is it in? |
|
Definition
the removal of unwanted compounds from the body
urine |
|
|
Term
| what is one of the most common invertebrate ES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the ES in a flatworm work? |
|
Definition
the ends of the tubes are called flame bulbs
the flame bulb turns, and the body filters out what they do and don't want |
|
|
Term
| how does the ES in a earthworm work? what is the waste product of the earthworm? |
|
Definition
there is a large network of tubes called metanephridium
ammonia |
|
|
Term
| what kind of ES do arthropods have? |
|
Definition
| different types because of the different environments |
|
|
Term
| what is the excretory structure of the crustacean? (seen on crawfish) |
|
Definition
| green glands/antennal glands |
|
|
Term
| what are the holes that waste is let out on crawfish called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the waste product of crawfish? |
|
Definition
|
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