Term
| Certainly, you know that I was relieved of all the labor of gathering materials for the work and that I had to give no thought at all to their arrangement. I had only to repeat what in your company I heard Raphael relate. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, "Thomas More", expressing sprezzatura by claiming that the narrative was "no biggie" and he had just written what Raphael had said, word-for-word. This is a lie; he is setting up the frame narrative. |
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Term
| "But you are quite mistaken," said he, "for his sailing has not been like that of Palinurus but that of Ulysses or, rather, of Plato..." |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - as a sailor-philosopher, channels Plato |
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Term
| But it seems to me you will do what is worthy of you and of this generous and truly philosophic spirit of yours if you so order your life as to apply your talent and industry to the public interest, even if it involves some personal disadvantages to youself. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, "Thomas More", brings in humanistic ideals - that virtue can be taught and that learning contributes to society. |
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Term
| All the councilors agree and consent to the famous statement of Crassus: no amount of gold is enough for the ruler who has to keep an army. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - war is a great, angry, economic sponge. |
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Term
| To be sure, to have a single person enjoy a life of pleasure and self-indulgence amid the groans and lamentations of all around him is to be the keeper, not of a kingdom, but of a jail. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - how can there be any happiness in wealth when it maintains poverty? |
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Term
| Truly, if all the things which by the perverse morals of men have come to seem odd are to be dropped as unusual and absurd, we must dissemble among Christians almost all the doctrines of Christ. Yet He forbade us to dissemble them to the extent that what He had whispered in the ears of his disciples He commanded to be preached openly from the housetops. The greater part of His teaching is far more different from the morals of mankind than was my discourse. But preachers, crafty men that they are, finding that men grievously disliked to have their morals adjusted to the rule of Christ and following I suppose your advice, accommodated His teaching to men's morals as if it were a rule of soft lead that at least in some way or other the two might be made to correspond. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - one must have real convictions about politics |
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Term
| This wise sage, to be sure, easily foresaw that the one and only road to the general welfare lies in the maintenance of equality in all respects. I have my doubts that the latter could ever be preserved where the individual's possessions are his private property. When every man aims at absolute ownership of all the property he can get, be there never so great abundance of goods, it is all shared by a handful who leave the rest in poverty. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - private property leads to immense greed and many other problems (such as poverty) |
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Term
| "But," I ventured, "I am of the contrary opinion. Life cannot be satisfactory where all things are common. How can there be a sufficient supply of goods when each withdraws himself from the labor of production? For the individual does not have the motive of personal gain and he is rendered slothful by trusting to the industry of others. Moreover, when people are goaded by want and yet the individual cannot legally keep as his own what he has gained, must there not be trouble from continual bloodshed and riot?" |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, "Thomas More" - no leadership and complete equality leave no buffer against bloodshed and riots. |
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Term
| "I do not wonder," he rejoined, "that it looks this way to you, being a person who has no picture at all, or else a false one, of the situation I mean..." |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - you would say that, since you've never known anything but private property. |
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Term
| If we must believe them, there were cities among them before there were men among us. Furthermore, whatever either brains have invented or chance has discovered hitherto could have happened equally in both places. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - Utopians may have fewer ingenium (talent/intelligence), but they use their fewer better than the English use their many. |
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Term
| While they eat and drink from earthenware and glassware of fine workmanship but of little value, from gold and silver they make chamber pots and all the humblest vessels for use everywhere, not only in the common halls but in private homes also. Moreover, they employ the same metals to make the chains and solid fetters which they put on their slaves. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - Utopians debase what is normally valued, thereby removing greed and ambition for material things. |
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Term
| They discuss virtue and pleasure, but their principal and chief debate is in what thing or things, one or more, they are to hold that happiness consists. In this matter they seem to lean more than they should to the school that espouses pleasure as the object by which to define either the whole or the chief part of human happiness. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - major philosophical themes within Utopia - their pleasure is in debating what constitutes happiness |
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Term
| They discuss virtue and pleasure, but their principal and chief debate is in what thing or things, one or more, they are to hold that happiness consists. In this matter they seem to lean more than they should to the school that espouses pleasure as the object by which to define either the whole or the chief part of human happiness. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - major philosophical themes within Utopia - their pleasure is in debating what constitutes happiness |
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Term
| Now reason first of all inflames men to a love and veneration of the divine majesty, to whom we owe both our existence and our capacity for happiness. Secondly, it admonishes and urges us to lead a life as free from care and as full of joy as possible and, because of our natural fellowship, to help all other men, too, to attain that end. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael |
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Term
| But to deprive others of their pleasure to secure your own, this is surely an injustice. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - no schadenfreude |
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Term
| By pleasure they understand every movement and state of the body or mind in which, under the guidance of nature, man delights to dwell. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael |
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Term
| What can be said of those who keep superfluous wealth to please themselves, not with putting the heap to any use but merely with looking at it? Do they feel true pleasure, or are they not rather cheated by false pleasure? |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - questions what true pleasure is, compared to earthly pleasures of the English |
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Term
| These organs are then stored by food and drink. Sometimes it comes from the elimination of things which overload the body. This agreeable sensation occurs when we discharge feces from our bowels or perform the activity generative of children or relieve the itching of some part by rubbing or scratching. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - Utopians equate orgasms with defecation and itching (their virtuous pleasure is companionship) |
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Term
| ... nor are the sons of slaves, nor anyone who was in slavery when acquired of slaves, nor anyone whom they could acquire from slavery in other countries |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael |
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Term
| The sick, as I said, are very lovingly cared for, nothing being omitted which may restore them to health, whether in the way of medicine or diet. They console the incurable diseased by sitting and conversing with them and by applying all possible alleviations. But if a disease is not only incurable but also distressing and agonizing without any cessation, then the priests and the public officials exhort the man, since he is now unequal to all life's duties, a burden to himself, and a trouble to others, and is living beyond the time of his death, to make up his mind not to foster the pest and plauge any longer nor to hesitate to die now that life is torture to him but, relying on good hope, to free himself from this bitter life as from prison and the rack, or else voluntarily to permit others to free him ... Those who have been persuaded by these arguments either starve themselves to death or, being put to sleep, are set free without the sensation of dying. But they do no make away with anyone against his will, nor in such a case do they relax in the least their attendance upon him... But if anyone commits suicide without having obtained approval of priests and senate, they deem him unworthy of either fire or earth and cast his body ignominiously into a marsh without proper burial |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - Utopian policies re: euthanasia and suicide |
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Term
| The reason why they punish this offence so severely is their foreknowledge that, unless persons are carefully restrained from promiscuous intercourse, few will contract the tie of marriage, in which a whole life must be spent with one companion and all the troubles incidental to it must be patiently borne. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - policies re: pre-marital sex |
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Term
| In choosing mates, they seriously and strictly espouse a custom which seemed to us very foolish and extremely ridiculous. The woman, whether maiden or widow, is shown naked to the suitor by a worthy and respectable matron, and similarly the suitor is presented naked before the maiden by a discreet man. We laughed at this custom and condemned it as foolish. They, on the other hand, marveled at the remarkable folly of all other nations. In buying a colt, where there is question of only a little money, persons are so cautious that thought it is almost bare they will not buy until they have taken off the saddle and removed all the trappings for fear some sore lies concealed under these coverings. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - re: examination of brides and grooms before marriage |
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Term
| Now and then it happens that the penance of the one and the dutiful assiduity of the other move the compassion of the governor and win back their liberty. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - re: punishment of adultery & forgiveness of crimes |
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Term
| By way of exception, he conscientiously and strictly gave injunction that no one should fall so far below the dignity of human nature as to believe that souls likewise perish with the body or that the world is the mere sport of chance and not governed by any divine providence. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - reveals the only religion that Utopians do not tolerate for its ridiculousness: atheism. |
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Term
| In Utopia all greed for money was entirely removed with the use of money. What a mass of troubles was then cut away! What a crop of crimes was then pulled up by the roots! Who does not know that fraud, theft, rapine, quarrels, disorders, brawls, seditions, murders, treasons, poisonings, which are avenged rather than restrained by daily executions, die out with the destruction of money? |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - explains how much crime could be prevented in England if they didn't depend so much on money. |
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Term
| Nor does it occur to me to doubt that a man's regard for his own interests or the authority of Christ our Savior--who in His wisdom could not fail to know what was best and who in His goodness would not fail to counsel what He knew to be best--would long ago have brough thte whole world to adopt the laws of the Utopian commonwealth, had not one single monster, the chief and progenitor of all plagues, striven against it--I mean, Pride. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, Raphael - Christ would appreciate Utopia. The root of all problems is PRIDE |
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Term
| When Raphael had finished his story, many things came to my mind which seemed very absurdly established in the customs and laws of the people described--not only in their method of waging war, their ceremonies and religion, as well as their other institutions, but most of all in that feature which is the principal foundation of their whole structure. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, "Thomas More", common property was one of the most dominant features in the story. |
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Term
| But I readily admit that there are very many features in the Utopian commonwealth which it is easier for me to wish for in our countries than to have any hope of seeing realized. |
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Definition
| Utopia, Thomas More, "Thomas More" |
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Term
| Lo I the man, whose Muse whilome did maske, / As time her taught, in lowly Shepheards weeds, / Am now enforst a far unfitter taske, / For trumpets sterne to change mine Oaten reeds, / And sing of Knights and Ladies gentle deeds; / Whose praises having slept in silence long, / Me, all too meane, the sacred Muse areeds / To blazon broad emongst her learned throng: / Fierce warres and faithfull loves shall moralize my song. |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - Spenser directly quotes Virgil to establish credibility with the great poets |
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Term
| Yet armes till that time did he never wield: / His angry steede did chide his foming bitt; / As much disdaining to the curbe to yield: / full jolly knight he seemd, and faire did sitt, / As one for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fit |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - incorporates the Platonic 2 horses (passion & reason - must bridle passion to control the chariot) - symbolic of an amateur, passionate knight |
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Term
| And as she lay upon the durtie ground, / Her huge long taile her den all overspread, / Yet was in knots and many boughtes upwound, / Pointed with mortall sting. Of her there bred / A thousand young ones, which she dayly fed, / Sucking upon her poisonous dugs |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - Error has the body of a female & serpent - reminiscent of Dante's Cheryon |
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Term
| Now now Sir knight, shew what ye bee, / Add faith unto your force, and be not faint |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Una - significance of the difference in being and seeming |
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Term
| Faire knight, borne under happy starre, / Who see your vanquisht foes before you ly; / Well worthy be you of that Armorie |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Una - Una perceives his victory as evidence that he is now fitting of his Christian armor |
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Term
| And made him dreame of loves and lustfull play, / That nigh his manly hart did melt away, / Bathed in wanton blis and wicked joy; Then seemed him his Lady by him lay, / And to him playnd, how that false winged boy / Her chast hart had subdewd, to learne Dame pleasures toy. |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - RCK's sexy dream - he is becoming more "loose" and "melting, becoming feminine |
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Term
| Full jolly knight he seemd, and well addrest |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - be vs. seem! |
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Term
| Young knight, what ever that dost armes professe, / And through long labours huntest after fame, / Beware of fraud, beware of ficklenesse, / In choice, and change of they deare loved Dame, / Least thou of her believe too lightly blame, / And rash misweening doe thy hart remove |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - "fame" |
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Term
| For unto knight there is no greater shame, / Then lightnesse and inconstancie in love; / That doth this Redcrosse knights ensample plainly prove. |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - RCK is a bad example, a cautionary tale of inconstancy in love and lightness |
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Term
| His cruell facts he often would repent; / Yet wilfull man he never woudl forecast, / How many mischieves should ensue his heedless hast |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - Wrath repents. This brings up the question of whether he can repent. No, because that removes the very essence of his being, and each character set as a specific value (such as Holiness) cannot not be that value. |
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Term
| So th'one for wrong, the other strives for right: / As when a Gryfon seized of his pray, / A Dragon fiers encountreth in his flight |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - RCK is compared to Gryphon because of his material pride in seeking his opponent's shield |
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Term
| Her constant hart did tempt with diverse guile; / But words, and looks, and sighes she did abhore, / As rocke of Diamond stedfast evermore. |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - Una remains true through the Saracen's advances |
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Term
| What man so wise, what earthly wit so ware, / As to descry the crafty cunning traine, / By which deceipt doth maske in visour faire, / And cast her colours dyed deepe in graine / To seeme like Truth, whose shape she well can faine, / And fitting gestures to her purpose frame, / The guiltless man with guile to entertain? |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - how can you see through hypocrisy? |
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Term
| Disarmed all of yron-coted Plate |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - RCK stupidly removes his armor and is made even more susceptible |
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Term
| Eftsoones his manly forces gan to faile / And mightie strong was trund to feeble fraile. / His changed powers at first them selves not felt, / Till crudled cold his corage gan assaile, / And chearefull bloud in faintnesse chill did melt, / Which like a fever fit through all his body swelt. /Yet goodly court he made still to his Dame, / Pourd out in loosnesse on the grassy grownd, / Both careless of his health, and of his fame; |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - RCK becomes weaker and looser after drinking from the spring. His reputation and spiritual health are sacrificed, and he is now no longer guiltless. |
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Term
| The Geaunt stroke so maynly merciless, / That could have overthrown a stony towre, / And were no heavenly grace, that him did blesse, / He had beene pouldred all, as thin as flower; |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - RCK is still in God's heavenly graces. |
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Term
| Hold for my sake, and do him not to dye, / But banquisht thine eternall bondslave make |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Duessa - asks Orgoglio to make RCK his bondslave - she wants to know he suffers |
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Term
| At last by subtill sleights she him betraid / Unto his foe, a Gyant huge and tall, / Who him disarmed, dissolute, dismaid, / Unwares surprised, and with mightie mall / The monster merciless him made to fall, / Whose fall did never foe before behold |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - ambiguity over who in third line (purposeful? i think so) |
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Term
| Ay me, how many perils doe enfold / The righteous man, to make him daily fall? / Were no, that heavenly grace doth him uphold, / And stedfast truth acquite him out of all. / Her love is firme, her care continual, / So oft as he through his owne foolish pride, / Or weakness is to sinfull bands made thrall |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - what is the significance of "or"? i take it as introducing pride as his biggest weakness |
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Term
| Whose grievous fall, when false Duessa spide, / her golden cup she cast unto the ground |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - signifies fall of the Catholic Church |
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Term
| Her craftie head was altogether bald, / And as in hate of honorable eld, / Was overgrown with scurfe and filthy scald; / Her teeth out of her rotten gummes were feld, / And here sowre breath abhominably smeld; / Her dried dugs, like bladders lacking wind, / Hong downe, and filthy matter fromt hem weld; / her wrizled skin as rough, as maple rind, / So scabby was, that woudl have loathd all womankind. / Her neather parts, the shame of all her kidn, / My chaster Muse for shame doth blush to write; / But at her rompe she growing had behind / A foxes taile, with dong all fowly dight; / And eke her feete most monstrous were in sight |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - stripping down of Duessa to remove the figurative veil from RCK's eyes. Sin may be attractive at first, but it is innately corrupt and disgusting. |
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Term
| For on a day prickt forth with jolltie / Of looser life, and heat of hardiment |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Arthur - shares his dream of Gloriana - can be compared to RCK's dream - wasn't completely innocent (looser) |
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Term
| Me seemed, by my side a royall Mayd / Her daintie limbes full softly down did lay: / So faire a creature yet saw never sunny day |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Arthur speaks about his dream, gentler language |
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Term
| But whether dreames delude, or true it were, / Was never hart so ravish with delight, / Ne living man like words did ever heare, / As she to me delivered all that night; / And at her parting said, She Queene of Faeries hight. / When I awoke, and found her place devoid, / And nought but ppressed gras, where she had lyen, / I sorrowed all so much, as earst I joyd, / And washed all her place with watry eyen. |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Arthur - about his dream |
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Term
| So creeping close, as Snake in hidden weedes, / Inquireth of our states, and of our knightly deedes. / Which when he knew, and felt our feeble harts / ... How may a man (said he) with idle speech / Be wonne, to spoyle the Castle of his health? / ... His subitll tongue, like dropping honny, mealt'th / Into the hart, and searcheth every vaine |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Sir Trevisan - talking about Despair, a manipulator who is good at reading people. He speaks in generalities, which leads to guilt and projects despair. |
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Term
| The lenger life, I wote the greater sin, / The greater sin, the greater punishment: / All those great battels, which thou boasts to win / Through strife, and bloud-shed, and avengement, / Now praysd, hereafter deare thou shalt repent: / For life must life, and bloud must bloud repay. / Is not enough thy evill life forespent? / For he, that once hath missed the right way, / The further he doth goe, the further he doth stray |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Despair - speaking to play off self-pity when you don't think there's a solution. Trying to remove hope of grace and say you blew it! |
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Term
| Is it not enough, that to this Ladie milde / Thou falsed hast thy faith with perjurie, / And sold thy selfe to serve Duessa vilde, / With whom in all abuse thou hast thy selfe defiled? |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Despair - Duessa kisses and tells; RCK's reputation is shot |
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Term
| And to his fresh remembrance did reverse / The ugly vew of his deformed crimes, / That all his manly powers it did disperse, / As he were charmed with inchaunted rimes, / That oftentimes he quakt, and fainted oftentimes. |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - Despair brings RCK's worst crimes to the forefront of his mind, weaking him |
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Term
| Fie, fie, faint harted knight, / What meanest thou by this reprochfull strife? / Is this the battell, whcih thou vauntst to fight / ... Why shouldst thou then despeire, that chosen art? |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Una yells at RCK for losing faith. He is exhibiting what we can assume is true contrition at this time, which leads her to take him to the House of Holinesss, where he does penance for his sins. |
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Term
| For she of late is lightned of her wombe, / And hath encreast the world with one sonne more, / That her to see should be but troublesome. / Indeede (quoth she) that should her trouble sore, / But thankt be God, and her encreease so evermore. |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Fidelia & Sperenza - Carissa's baby could be representative of several things: RCK's rebirth, the birth of grace, a return to innocence, the transition to being St. George |
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Term
| That like a Lyon he would cry and rore, / And rend his flesh, and his owne synewes eat. / His owne deare Una hearing evermore / His ruefull shriekes and gronings, often ore / Her guiltless garments, and her golden heare, / For pitty of his paine and anguish sore; |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - Una responds to his pain by ripping out her golden hair |
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Term
| It fortuned (as faire it then befell) / Behind his backe unweeting, where he stood, / Of auncient time there was a springing well, / From which fast trickled forth a silver flood, / Full of great vertues, and for med'cine good. / Whylome, bfore that cursed Dragon got / That happie land, and all with innocent blood / Defyld those sacred waves, it rightly hot / The well of life, ne yet his vertues had forgot |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Narrator - where does human agency fall in this? Befell is a duponent verb - passive, agency within the action. |
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Term
| To me sad mayd, or rather widow sad |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, the Messenger/Archimago - uses Duessa's mannerism and speaks in duality |
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Term
| I lately traveild, that unwares I strayd / Out of my way, through perils straunge and hard; / That day should faile me, ere I had them all declard. / There did I find, or rather was I found / Of this false woman, that Fidessa hight |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, RCK - was he found, or did he find her?? |
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Term
| Too false and strong for earthly skill or might, / Unwares me wrought unto her wicked will, / and to my foe betrayd, when least I feared ill. |
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Definition
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Term
| Too false and strong for earthly skill or might, / Unwares me wrought unto her wicked will, / and to my foe betrayd, when least I feared ill. |
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Definition
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Term
| I know / To have bene wroght by that false sorceresse. / She onely she it is, that earst did throw / This gentle knight into so great distresse, / That death him did await in dayly wretchednesse |
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Definition
| FQ, Spenser, Una - defends RCK against Archimago's claims |
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Term
| Her world is brazen, the poets only deliver a golden. |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney |
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Term
| ... but so far substantially it worketh, not only to make a Cyrus, which had been but a particular excellency as nature might have done, but to bestow a Cyrus upon the world to make many Cyruses |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney |
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Term
| Neither let it be deemed too saucy a comparison to balance the highest point of man's wit with the efficacy of nature; but rather give right honor to the heavenly Maker of that maker, who having made man to His own likeness, set him beyond and over all the works of that second nature: which in nothing he showeth so much as in poetry, when with the force of a divine breath he bringeth things forth surpassing her doings--with no small arguments to the credulous of that first accursed fall of Adam, since our erected wit maketh us know what perfection is, and yet our infected will keepth us from reaching unto it. But these arguments will by few be understood, and by fewer granted. |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney - Reason shows the way to perfection |
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Term
| Poesy therefore is an art of imitation, for so Aristotle termeth it. |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney - mimesis |
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Term
| ... who counterfeit only such faces as are set before them, and the more excellent, who having no law but wit, bestow that in colors upon you which is fittest for the eye to see |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney - vatics are the best poets |
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Term
| I conclude, therefore, that he excelleth history, not only in furnishing the mind with knowledge, but in setting it forward to that which deserveth to be called and accounted good: which setting forward, and moving to well-doing, indeed sitteth the laurel crown upon the poets as victorious, not only of the historian, but over the philosopher, howsoever in teaching it may be questionable. |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney - poetry will incite you to do the things that you should |
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Term
| The poet never maketh any circles about your imagination, to conjure you to believe for true what he writes. |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney - poets don't lie |
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Term
| Other sort of poetry almost have we none, but that lyrical kind of songs and sonnets: which, Lord, if He gave us so good minds, how well it might be employed, and with how heavenly fruit, both private and public, in singing the praises of the immortal beauty. |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney |
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Term
| But truly many of such writings as come under the banner of irresistible love, if I were a mistress, would never persuade m there were in love: so coldly they apply fiery speeches, as men that had rather read lovers' writings--and so caught up certain swelling phrases which hang together like a man that once told my father that the wind was at northwest and by south, because he would be sure to name winds enough--than that in truth they fell those passions |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney - it's a problem that everyone wants to write when in love, however, Sidney wrote poems... |
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Term
| Lastly, even the very rhyme itself, the Italian cannot put it in the last syllable, by the French named the masculine rhyme, but still in the next to the last, which the French call the female, or the next before that, which the Italian term sdrucciola is femina : semina. The French, of the other side, hath both the male, as bon : son, and the female, as plaise : taise, but the sdrucciola he hath not: where teh English hath all three, as due : true, father: rather, motion : potion |
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Definition
| Apology for Poetry, Sidney talks about feminine and masculine rhymes |
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Term
| And glutted now with learning's golden gifts, / He surfeits upon cursed necromancy. / Nothing so sweet as magic is to him, / Which he prefers before his chiefest bliss: / And this the man that in his study sits. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Narrator - Faust has an insatiable desire for knowledge and power, which overshadows his chiefest bliss - should be looking at heaven/God. |
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Term
| Sweet Analytics, 'tis thou hast ravished me. / Bene disserere est finis logices. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - logic ravished him. explaining why he doesn't care for that study anymore |
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Term
| And Galen, come. / Seeing, ubi desinit philosophus, ibi incipit medicus. / Be a physician, Faustus: heap up the gold / And be eternized for some wondrous cure. / Summumm bonum medicinae sanitas: / "The end of physic is our body's health." / Why, Faustus, hast thou not attained that end? / Is not thy common talk sound aphorisms? / Are not thy bills hung up as monuments, / Whereby whole cities have escape the plague, / And thousand desperate maladies been cured? / Yet art thou still but Faustus and a man. / Couldst thou make men to live eternally, / Or being dead, raise them to life again, / Then this profession were to be esteemed. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - explaining why he cares not for physic and medicine: what's the good in it, if you cannot stop people from dying? |
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Term
| And universal body of the law. / This study fits a mercenary drudge. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - doesn't study law, because it's a chore |
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Term
| Divinity is best. / Jerome's Bible! Faustus, view it well. / Stipendium paccati mors est. Ha! Stipendium etc., / 'The reward of sin is death.' That's hard. / Si pecasse negamus, fallimur, et nulla est in nobis veritas. / 'If we say that we have no sin / We deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us.' / Why then, belike, we must sin, / And so consequently die. / Ay, we must die, an everlasting death. / What doctrine call you this? Che sera, sera. / 'What will be, shall be.' Divinity adieu! |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - examines why he studies not divinity and reveals how he reads scripture (etc., etc., doesn't look at forgiving side of Bible) |
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Term
| These necromantic books are heavenly. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - ironic. |
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Term
| I'll have them fly to India for gold, / Ransack the ocean for orient pearl, / And search all corners of the new-found world / For pleasant fruits and princely delicates. / I'll have them read me strange philosophy, |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - shows Faustus' grand ambitions. He never actually does anything this grand with his power. |
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Term
| That was the cause, but yet per accidens; / For when we hear one rack the name of God, / Abjure the scriptures and his savior Christ, / We fly in hope to get his glorious soul. / Nor will we come unless he use such means / Whereby he is in danger to be damned. / Therefore the shortest cut for conjuring / Is stoutly to abjure all godliness / And pray devoutly to the pri[n]ce of hell. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Mephostophilis - tells Faustus that, no, his conjuring did not summon him. In fact, he was just in the neighborhood and heard someone blaspheming God. Faustus may turn out to not be the greatest magician in the world ... |
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Term
Wagner: Not I. Thou art pressed. Prepare thyself, for I will presently raise up two devils, to carry thee away: Banio, Belcher!
Clown: Belcher? And Belcher come here, I'll belch him! I am not afraid of a devil.
[Enter Two Devils and the Clown runs up and down crying.] <--inserted by editor
Wagner: How now, sir, will you serve me now?
Clown: Ay, good Wagner. Take away the devil then. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Wagner/Clown - if Wagner truly summoned the devils, he is a better mage than Faust. |
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Term
| How? A Christian fellow to a dog or a cat, a mouse or a rat? No, no, sir, if you turn me into anything, let it be in the likeness of a little pretty frisking flea, that I may be here and there and everywhere. Oh I'll tickle the pretty wenches' plackets. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Clown - asks Wagner to turn him into a flea, which invokes lusty images. |
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Term
| Consummatum est: this bill is ended, / And Faustus hath bequeathed his soul to Lucifer. / But what is this inscription on mine arm? / Homo fuge! Whither should I flee? / If unto heaven, he'll throw me down to hell. / My senses are decieved: here's nothing writ! / Oh, yes, I see it plain. Even here it is writ / Homo fuge. Yet shall not Faustus fly. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - repeats Jesus, saying "it is finished." However, Jesus saying it invoked hope of redemption; Faust only sees that he is damned and has no hope whatsoever. |
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Term
| I disdain to have any parents. I am like Ovid's flea. I can creep into every corner of a wench. Sometimes like a periwig I sit upon her brow. Next, like a necklace I hang about her neck. Then, like a fan of feathers, I kiss her. And then turning myself to a wrought smock do what I list. But fie, what a smell is here! I'll not speak a word for a king's ransome, unless the ground be perfumed and covered with cloth of Arras. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Pride - lusty pride (fleas), denies lineage (like Lucifera) |
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Term
| My parents are all dead, and the devil a penny they have left me, but a small pension and that buys me thirty meals a day and ten bevers: a small trifle to suffice nature. I come of a royal pedigree; my father was a gammon of bacon and my mother was a hog's head of claret wine. My godfathers were these: Peter Pickle-herring and Martin Martlemas-beef. But my godmother, oh, she wa san ancient gentlewoman, and well-beloved in every good town and city. Her name was Mistress Margery March-beer. Now, Faustus, thou hast heard all my progeny, wilt thou bid me to supper? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who, I sir? I am one that loves an inch of raw mutton better than an ell of fried stockfish, and the first letter of my name begins with Lechery. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Lechery - seems like she's cut off, interrupted by Faust. Introduces her name last. Only woman. Shortest description. |
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Term
| Vainish villians! Th'one like an ape, / another like a bear, the third an ass, for doing this enterprise. / Monarch of hell, under whose black survey / Great potentates do kneel with awful fear, / Upon whose altars thousand souls do lie, / How am I vexed with these villains' charms? / From Constantinople am I hither come, / Only for pleasure of these damned slaves. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Mephostophilis - was summoned through Robin's nonsensical Latin - shows he's better than Faust, fo sho. |
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Term
| How, into an ape? That's brave! I'll have fine sport with the boys. I'll get nuts and apples enow. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Robin - satisfied with his fate and new ability to be a pure glutton. |
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Term
| What art thou, Faustus, but a man condemned to die? / The fatal time doth draw to final end: / Despair doth drive distrust into my thoughts. / Confound these passions with a quiet sleep. / Tush, Christ did call the thief on the cross; / Then rest thee, Faustus, quiet in conceit. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - the theif is associated with possibility of repenting in the thirteenth hour |
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Term
| Do not persever in it like a devil. / Yet, yet, thou hast an amiable soul, / If sin by custom grow not into nature: / Then, Faustus, will repentance come too late. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Old Man - warning Faustus not to wait until it's too late to repent. Don't become a habitual sinner who cannot commit to repentance. |
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Term
| I do repent, and yet I do despair |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - demonstrates his indecisiveness and conflict with repentance. You cannot do both simultaneously. |
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Term
| I do confess it, Faustus, and rejoice. / 'Twas I that, when thou were't i' the way to heaven, / Dammed up thy passage; when thou took'st the book / To view the scriptures, then I turned the leaves / And led thine eye. / What, weep'st thou? 'Tis too late, despair. Farewell. / Fools that will laugh on earth, must weep in hell. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Mephostophilis - takes blame for Faustus' damnation |
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Term
| The devil will come, and Faustus must be damned. / Oh, I'll leap up to my God: who pulls me down? / See, see, where Christ's blood streams in the firmament. / One drop would save my soul, half a drop. Ah, my Christ! / Ah, rend not my heart for naming of my Christ! / Yet will I call on him. Oh, spare me Lucifer! |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - keeps going back and forth between Christ and Lucifer. Shows that he's afraid of spiritual damnation, but he is more of afraid of physical pain Lucifer could cause him. |
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Term
| And see where God stretcheth out his arm, / And bends his ireful brows. / Mountains and hills, come, come and fall on me, / And hide me from the heavey wrath of God. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - underestimates God |
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Term
| You stars that reigned at my nativity, / Whose influence hath allotted death and hell! |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faustus - curses the stars he was born under for his fate. |
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Term
| Oh God, if thou wilt not have mercy on my soul, / Yet, for Christ's sake whose blood hath ransomed me, / Impose some end to my incessant pain. / Let Faustus live in hell a thousand years, / A hundred thousand, and at last be saved. |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faustus - begins trying to bargain with God |
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Term
| Cursed be the parents that engendered me! |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faustus - blaming parents |
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Term
| My God, my God, look not so fierce on me. / Adders and serpents, let me breathe awhile. / Ugly hell, gape not, come not, Lucifer! / I'll burn my books. Ah, Mephostophilis! |
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Definition
| Faust, Marlowe, Faust - at end, he refers to crucifixion a third time. However, his last words are directed towards hell and possibly an 'Et tu, Brute' moment at the end. |
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Term
| Now, fair Hippolyta, our nuptial hour / Draws on apace. Four happy days bring in / Another moon; but, O, methinks, how slow / This old moon wanes She lingers my desires, / Like to a stepdame or a dowager / Long withering out a young man's revenue. |
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Definition
| Midsummer, Shakespeare, Theseus - anxious for wedding, fears desire will wane before wedding night. |
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Term
| Four days will quickly steep themselves in night; / Four nights will quickly dream away the time; / And then the moon, like to a silver bow / New bent in heaven, shall behold the night / Of our solemnities. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Hippolyta - anxiously dreading wedding when she shall lose self-authority. She will be under a new moon, without any feminine power. |
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Term
| Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword / And won thy love doing thee injuries; / But I will wed thee in another key |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Theseus - phallic/conquering connotations |
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Term
| I beg the ancient privilege of Athens: / As she is mine, I may dispose of her, / Which shall be either to this gentleman / Or to her death, according to our law / Immediately provided in that case. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Egeus - wants Theseus to honor Athens' patriarchical laws, under which he may force Hermia to choose either to wed Demetrius, be commited as a nun, or die. |
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Term
| To live a barren sister all your life, / Chanting faint hymns to the cold fruitless moon |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Theseus - appalled that Hermia, a fertile womb, would choose death or a nunnery over another man. It would be such a waste! |
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Term
| So will I grow, so live, so die, my lord, / Ere I will yield my virgin patent up |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Hermia - concedes she is willing to die or live celibate without Lysander as her husband |
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Term
| ... my love is more than his; / My fortunes every way as fairly ranked, / If not with vantage, as Demetrius'; / And, which is more than all these boasts can be, / I am beloved of beauteous Hermia. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Lysander - I'm virtually the same as Demetrius, except she wants me. Shows how similar the teenagers all are. |
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Term
| ... that fire which burned the Carthage queen / When the false Trojan under sail was seen |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Hermia - compares the love of her and Lysander to that of great books, such as Aeneas and Dido. She only knows love through literature. |
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Term
| Before the time I did Lysander see / Seemed Athens as a paradise to me. / O, then, what graces in my love do dwell, / That he hath turned a heaven unto a hell? |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Hermia - compares her world before heterosexual desire to Eden before the Fall. Eroticism is representative of a fall from paradise. |
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Term
| And in the wood, where often you and I / Upon faint primrose beds were wont to lie, / Emptying our bosoms of their counsel sweet, / There my Lysander and myself shall meet, / And thence from Athens turn away our eyes / To seek new friends and stranger companies. / Farewell, sweet playfellow. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Hermia - informs Helena of their plan to elope and escape Athens. |
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Term
| And when this hail some heat from hermia felt, / So he dissolved, and showers of oaths did melt. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Helena - how D once loved her, but the love dissolved for Hermia. Shows interchangeability of adolescent love. |
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Term
| I will go tell him of fair Hermia's flight. / Then to the wood will he tomorrow night / Pursue her; and for this intelligence / if I have thanks, it is a dear expense. / But herein mean I to enrich my pain, / To have his sight thither and back again. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Helena - will tell D just so that he'll look at her for a moment. |
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Term
| An you should do it too terribly, you would fright the Duchess and the ladies, that they woudl shriek; and that were enough to hang us all. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Quince - afraid of offending anyone in the audience and being hung - a real fear in the times. Even Puck makes sure to do the same at the end of the play. |
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Term
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Oberon - trying to assert his masculine authority over Titania and force her to give him the changeling boy. |
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Term
| These are the forgeries of jealousy; / And never, since the middle summer's spring, / Met we on hill, in dale, forests, or mead, / By paved fountain or by rushy brook, Or in the beached margent of the sea, / To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind, / But with thy brawls thou hast disturbed our sport. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Titania - explains how out of wack the seasons are and blames Oberon |
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Term
| And the imperial vot'ress passed on, / In maiden meditation, fancy-free |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Oberon - this is Shakespeare's excuse for defiling the faery queen. He featured Elizabeth here for a CYA. |
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Term
| But I shall do thee mischief in the wood. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Demetrius - trying to scare Helena away from him, mentioning how crazy she is to be alone with a stronger man in a forest. Later, she claims he threatens her life, but not so. |
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Term
| O, is all forgot? / All school-day's friendship, childhood innocence? / We, Hermia, like two artificial gods / Have with our needles created both one flower, / Both on one sampler, sitting on one cushion, / Both warbling of one song, both in one key, / As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds / Had been incorporate. So we grew together, / Like to a double cherry, seeming parted, / But yet an union in partition, / Two lovely berries molded on one stem; / So, with two seeming bodies but one heart, / Two of the first, like coats in heraldry, / Due but to one and crowned with one crest. / And will you rend our ancient love asunder, / To join with men in scorning your poor friend? / It is not friendly, 'tis not maidenly. / Our sex, as well as I, may chide you for it, / Though I alone do feel the injury. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Helena - reminds Hermia how close they used to be and how she betrayed their friendship |
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Term
| O me! You juggler! You cankerblossom! / You thief of love! What, have you come by night / And stol'n my love's heart from him? |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Hermia - the girls nitpick and insult each other. |
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Term
| He followed you; for love I followed him. / But he hath chid me hence and threatened me / To strike me, spurn me, nay, to kill me too. / And now, so you will let me quiet go, / To Athens will I bear my folly back / And follow you no further |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Helena - claims D threatened her, never actually says he'll kill her - exaggerating teens! |
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Term
| And the country proverb known, / That every man should take his own, / In your waking shall be shown: / Jack shall have his Jill; / Naught shall go ill; / The man shall have his mare again, and all shall be well |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Puck - explains how everything will turn out - a return to masculine order, with Jack having his Jill and being happy - women objectified. |
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Term
| I will wind thee in my arms, / Fairies begone, and be all ways away. / So dot the woodbine the sweet honeysuckle / Gently entwist; the female ivy so / Enrings te barky fingers of the elm. / O, how I love thee! How I dote on thee! |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Titania - doting on Bottom |
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Term
| Her dotage now I do begin to pity |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Oberon - NOW begins to pity Titania, after he has the changeling boy. |
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Term
| ... in our flight / Tell me how it came this night |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Titania requests Oberon tell her what went down - masculine authority in full effect. |
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Term
| When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer. My next is "Most fair Pyramus." Heigh-ho! Peter Quince! Flute, the bellows mender! Snout, the tinker! Starveling! God's my life, stolen hence and left me asleep! I have had a most rare vision. I have had a dream, past the wit of man to say what dream it was. Man is but an ass if he go about to expound this dream. Methought I was -- there is no man can tell what. Methought I was -- and methought I had -- but man is but a patched fool if he will offer to say what methought I had. The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath no seen, man's hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive, nor his heart to report what my dream was. I will get Peter Quince to write a ballad of this dream. It shall be called "Bottom's Dream," for it hath no bottom; and I will sing it in the latter end of a play, before the Duke. Peradventure, to make it the more gracious, I shall sing it at her death. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Bottom - botches up St. Paul's 2 Corinthians; he cannot comprehend divinity. Also, he'll sing it at Elizabeth's death. |
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Term
| Hippolyta: How chance Moonshine is gone before Thisbe come back and finds her lover? / Theseus: She will find him by starlight. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Hippolyta/Theseus: she still wishes for feminine power of the moon, however, masculine authority has been restored with the new moon. |
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Term
| Sweet friends, to bed. / A fortnight hold we this solemnity, / In nightly revels and new jollity. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Theseus - bids his company to bed and claims everyone is happy |
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Term
| Through this palace, with sweet peace; / And the owner of it blest / Ever shall in safety rest. / Trip away; make no stay; / Meet me all by break of day |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Oberon - blessing Theseus & Hippolyta with safety |
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Term
| And, as I am an honest Puck, / If we have unearned luck / Now to scape the serpent's tongue, / We will make amends ere long; / Else the Puck a liar call. |
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Definition
| MND, Shakespeare, Puck - irony in the play on "honest" and "liar", since as a hobgoblin, he is not an honest being. |
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Term
| And these three considerations: our deliverance a morte, in morte, per mortem, from death, in death, and by death, will abundantly do all the offices of the foundations, of the buttresses, of the contignation, of this our building |
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Definition
| Death's Duel, Donne - sets up sermon's contents |
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Term
| Or that the Elements doe not feele this, / The father, or the mother barren is. / The clouds conceiue not raine, or doe not power / In he due birth-time, down the balmy showre. / Th'Ayre doth no motherly sit on the earth, / To hatch her seasons, and giue all things birth. / Spring-tiems were common cradles, but are toombes, / And false coceptions fill the generall wombes. |
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Definition
| First Anniversary, Donne - wombs are tombs - ability to conceive thrown off - nature off kilter (??) |
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Term
| Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhyme |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - Milton's attempting to make an epic of a topic no other poet to date had touched. |
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Term
| What in me is dark / Illumine, what is low raise and support; / That to the highth of this great Argument / I may assert Eternal Providence, / And justify the ways of God to men. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - invocation of the muse (Holy Ghost) to help him write this theodicy |
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Term
| [H]ee it was, whose guile / Stirr'd up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd / the Mother of Mankind |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - IDs Satans motives |
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Term
| A Dungeon horrible, on all sides round / As one great Furnace flam'd, yet from those flames / No light, but rather darkness visible |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - Hell has flames with no light, which is significant of the lack of God |
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Term
| As whom the Fables name of monstrous size, / Titanian, or Earth-born, that warr'd on Jove, / Briareos or Typhon |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - description of Beelzebub |
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Term
| The Arch-fiend lay / Chain'd on the burning Lake, nor ever thence / Had ris'n or heav'd this head, but that the will / And high permission of all-ruling Heaven / Left him at large to his own dark designs, / That with reiterated crimes he might / Heap on himself damnation, while he sought / Evil to others, and enrag'd might see / How all his malice serv'd but to bring forth / Infinite goodness, grace and mercy shown / On Man by him seduc't |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - only by the will of God is Satan allowed away from the burning lake |
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Term
| One who brings / A mind not to be chang'd by Place or Time. / The mind is its own place, and in itself / Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n. / What matter where, if I be still the same, / And what I should be, all but less than hee / Whom Thunder hath made greater? Here at least / We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built / Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: / Here we may reign secure, and in my choice / To reign is worth ambition though in Hell: / Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Satan - glad to be free from God and reigning in hell than serving above |
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Term
| Mammon, the least erected Spirit that fell / From Heav'n, for ev'n in Heav'n his looks and thoughts / Were always downward bent, admiring more / The riches of Heav'n's pavement, trodd'n Gold, / Than aught divine or holy else enjoy'd / In vision beautific |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - can this angel have been made imperfectly & predisposed to fall? |
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Term
| Our supreme Foe in time may much remit / His anger, and perhaps thus far remov'd / Not mind us not offending, satisfi'd / With what is punish; whence these ragin fires / Will slack'n |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Belial - hoping hell will become easier with time |
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Term
| As he our darkness, cannot we his light / Imitate when we please? ... / These piercing Fires / As soft as now severe, our temper chang'd / Into their temper; which must needs remove / The sensible of pain |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Mammon - the pain won't be this bad forever. We should make a heaven of hell |
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Term
| This would surpass / Common revenge, and interrupt his joy / In our Confusion, and our Joy upraise / In his disturbance; when his darling Sons / Hurl'd headlong to partake with us, shall curse / Thir frail Original, and faded bliss, / Faded so soon |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Beelzebub - this will satisfy envy the most - get indirect revenge through his creation |
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Term
| Apart sat on a Hill retir'd / In thoughts more elevate, and reason'd high / Of Providence, Forknowledge, Will, and Fate, / Fixt Fate, Free will, Foreknowledge absolute, / And found no end, in wand'ring mazes lost. / Of good and evil much they argu'd then, / Of happiness and final miser, / Passion and Apathy, and glory and shame, / Vain wisdom all, and false Philosophie: / Yet with a pleasing sorcery could charm / Pain for a while or anguish, and excite / Fallacious hope, or arm th' obdured breast / With stubborn patience as with triple steel |
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Definition
| PL, Narrator - Satan cannot properly philosophize without divine illumination |
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Term
| They ferry over this Lethean Sound / Both to and fro, thir sorrow to augment, / And wish and struggle, as they pass, to reach / The tempting stream, with one small drop to lose / In sweet forgetfulness all pain and woe, / All in one moment, and so near the brink/ / But Fate withstands, and to oppose th' attempt / Medusa with Gorgonian terror guards / The Ford, and of itself the water flies / All taste of living wight, as once it fled / The lip of Tantatlus. Thus roving on / In confus'd march forlorn, th' advent'rous Bands / With shudd'ring horror pale, and eyes Aghast / View'd first thir lamentable lot, and found / No rest |
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Definition
| PL, Narrator - the angels cannot drink of the Lethean and forget why or that they are in Hell, which is a state of constant unrest. |
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Term
| The other shape, / If shape it might be call'd that shape had none / Distinguishable in member, joint, or limb, / Or substance might be call'd that shadow seem'd, / For each seem'd either; black it stood as Night, / Fierce as ten Furies, terrible as hell, / And shook a dreadful Dart |
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Definition
| PL, Narrator - description of Death |
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Term
| Thou my Author, thou / My being gav'st me; whom should I obey / But thee, whom follow? |
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Definition
| PL, Sin - telling Satan of whose making she is (his) and deciding she should obey him rather than God - especially since Sin = disobedience of God. |
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Term
| At last his Sail-broad Vans / He spreads for flight, and in the surging smoke / Uplifted spurns for the ground, thence many a League / As in a cloudy Chair ascending rides / Audacious, but that seat soon failing, meets / A vast vacuity: all unawares / Flutt'ring his pennons vain plumb down he drops / Ten thousand fadom deep, and to this hour / Down had been falling, had not by ill chance / The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud / Instinct with Fire and Tire hurried him / As many miles aloft |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - Satan would still be dropping like a stone, if by divine intervention (the wind), he had not been lifted. Parallel to Eve - she never would have stopped looking at her reflection without God's guidance and intervention. |
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Term
| If him by force he can destroy, or worse, / By some false guile pervert; and shall pervert; / For Man will heark'n to his glozing lies, / And easily transgress the sole Command, / Sole pledge of his obedience: So will fall / Hee and his faithless Progeny: whose fault? / Whose but his own? Ingrate, he had of mee / All he could have; I made him just and right, / Sufficient to have stood, though free to fall |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, God - frustrated that Satan betrayed Him, because He made him right... |
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Term
| Authors to themselves in all / Both what they judge and what they choose; for so / I form'd them free, and free they must remain, / Till they enthrall themselves: I else must change / Thir nature, and revoke the high Decree / Unchangeable, Eternal, which ordain'd / Thir freedom: they themselves ordian'd thir fall. / The first sort by thir own suggestion fell, / Self-tempted, self-deprav'd: Man falls deceiv'd / By th' other first: Man therefore shall find grace, / The other none |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, God - I made the angels right and they fell of their own accord. No grace for them, it's their own fault. The humans I am giving a chance and grace. |
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Term
| Some I have chosen of peculiar grace / Elect above the rest; so is my will: / The rest shall hear me call, and oft be waarn'd / Thir sinful state, and to appease betimes / Th' incensed Deity while offer'd grace / Invites; for I will clear thir senses dark, / What may suffice, and soft'n stony hearts / To pray, repent, and bring obedience due, / To Prayer, repentance, and obedience due |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, God - grace after the fall is available to the individual only by turning back to God through Christ. |
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Term
| Be then his Love accurst, since love or hate, / To me alike, it deals eternal woe. / Nay curs'd be thou; since against his thy will / Chose freely what it now so justly rues. / Me miserable! Which way shall I fly / Infinite wrath, and infinite despair? / Which way I fly is Hell; myself am Hell; ANd in the lowest deep a lower deep / Still threat'ning to devour me opens wide, / To which the Hell I suffer seems a Heav'n. / O then at last relent: is there no place / Left for Repentance, none for Pardon left? |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Satan - Hell is a state of mind, and it follows Satan wherever he goes. |
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Term
| So farewell Hope, and with Hope farewell Fear, / Farewell Remorse: all Good to me is lost; / Evil be thou my Good; by thee at least / Divided Empire with Heav'n's King I hold / By thee, and more than half perhaps will reign; / As Man ere long, and this new World shall know. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Satan - wants to make evil of good in the new world. |
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Term
| Two of far nobler shape erect and tall, / Godlike erect, with native Honor clad / In naked Majesty seem'd Lords of all, / And worthy seem'd, for in thir looks Divine / Truth, Wisdom, Sanctitude severe and pure, / Severe, but in true filial freedom plac't; / Whence true authority in men; though both / Not equal, as thir sex not equal seem'd; / For contemplation hee and valor form'd, / For softness shee and sweet attractive Grace, / Hee for God only, shee for God in him: / His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar'd / Absolute rule; |
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Definition
| PL, Milton - Narrator - Adam is valor/contemplation; Eve is grace/softness. Phallocentric hierarchy in Eden. Foreshadows when Satan takes advantage of Eve |
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Term
| But requir'd with gently sway, / And by her yielded, by him best receiv'd, / Yielded with coy submission, modest pride, / And sweet reluctant amorous delay |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - displays Eve as coquettish - is she a male fantasy as well as a male anxiety? |
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Term
| Not distant far from thence a murmuring sound / Of waters issu'd from a Cave and spread / Into a liquid Plain, then stood unmov'd / Pure as th' expanse of Heav'n; I thither went / With unexperienc't thought |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - her first perceptions, unexperienced - Plato's Cave (Republic) - ordinary individuals mistaked shadows put on by light as the real deal |
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Term
| What thou seest, / What there thou seest fair Creature is thyself, / With thee it came and goes: but follow me, / And I will bring thee where no shadow stays / Thy coming, and thy soft imbraces, hee / Whose image thou art, him thou shalt enjoy / Inseparably thine, to him shalt thou bear / Multitudes like thyself, and thence be call'd / Mother of human Race |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, God - appeals to Eve's vanity and tries to lure her to Adam by saying he's fair too. Like Satan, she would have stared forever without divine intervention. |
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Term
| Till I espi'd thee, fair indeed and tall, / Under a Platan, yet methought less fiar, / Less winning soft, less amiably mild, / Than that smooth wat'ry image |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - explains how she wasn't impressed with Adam's appearance |
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Term
| To give thee being I lent / Out of my side to thee, nearest my heart / substantial Life, to have thee by my side / Part of my Soul I seek thee, and thee claim / My other half |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Adam - claims ownership on Eve, because he basically bought her with his rib. Also allude to the hermaphroditic myth in Plato's Symposium - looking for the other half of you that the gods split. |
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Term
| With that thy gentle hand / Seiz'd mine, I yielded, and from that time see / How beauty is excell'd by manly grace / And wisdom, which alone is truly fair |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - submits, after being "gently" forced and realizes that his traits make him the fairer and that she is, indeed inferior. |
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Term
| This let him know, / Lest willfully transgressing he pretend / Surprisal, unadmonisht, unforewarn'd |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, God - asks his Archangel to warn Adam of the Deceiver, so Adam cannot claim vulnerability and "but I didn't know!" The only way Satan can overcome you is through deception, not force. |
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Term
| No more of talk where God or Angel Guest / With Man, as with his Friend, familiar us'd / To sit indulgent, and with him partake / Rural repast, permitting him the while / Venial discourse unblam'd: I now must change / Those Notes to Tragic; foul distrust, and breach / Disloyal on teh part of Man, revolt, / And disobedience |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - introduces two parts of epic: tragedy (the fall) and comedy (the promise of restoration through Christ) |
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Term
| My Celestial Patroness, who deigns / Her nightly visitation unimplo'd, And dictates to me slumb'ring, or inspires / Easy my unpremeditated Verse: / Since first this Subject for Heroic Song / Pleas'd me long choosing, and beginning late; / Not sedulous by Nature to indite / Wars, hitherto the only Argument / Heroic deem'd |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - Milton describes his writing here as almost shaman-like. He claims that his muse inspires him through dreams - "it was revealed unto me" - and also solidifies claim that he is in a unique position to tell God's will. |
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Term
| For only in destroying I find ease / To my relentless thoughts |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Satan - Hell is a state of mind of total restlessness |
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Term
| May find / The Serpent sleeping, in whose mazy folds / to hid me, and the dark intent I bring. / O foul descent! THat I who erst contended / With gods to sit the highest, am now constrain'd / into a Beast, and mixt with bestial slime, / This essence to incarnate and imbrute, / That to the highth of Deity aspir'd |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Satan - complains that he has sunk so low, he who once challenged God himself, sneaking around in the lowly body of a snake. His desire for revenge outweighs everything. |
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Term
| Revenge, at first though sweet, / Bitter ere long back on itself recoils; / Let it, I reck not, so it light well aim'd / Snce higher I fall short, on him who next / Provokes my envy, this new Favorite / Of HEav'n, this Man of Clay, Son of despite, / Whom us the more to spite his Maker rais'd / From dust: site then with spite is best repaid. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Satan - since no matter how high I reach, I cannot harm God, I will reach for indirect revenge through his new creation |
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Term
| And from the parting Angel over-heard / as in a shady nook I stood behind |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - she overheard about the deceiver - they are all aware |
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Term
| His violence thou fear'st not, being such, / As wee, not capable of death or pain, / Can either not receive, or can repel. / HIs fraud is then thy fear, which plain infers / Thy equal fear that my firm Faith and Love / Can by his fraud be shak'n or seduc't |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - he can't really hurt me, so what's the problem? You don't trust me or think I'm strong enough! |
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Term
| Not diffident of thee do I dissuade / Thy absence from my sight, but to avoid / Th' attempt itself, intended by our Foe. / For hee who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses / The tempted with dishonor foul, suppos'd / Not incorruptible of Faith, not proof / Against temptation: thou thyself with scorn / And anger woulst resent the offer'd wrong / Though ineffectual found: misdeem not then, / Fi such affront I labor to avert / From thee alone, which on us both at one / The Enemy, though bold, will hardly dare, / Or daring, first on mee th' assault shall light |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Adam - don't go, you'll be dishonored! |
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Term
| If this be our condition, thus to dwell / in narrow circuit strait'n'd by a Foe, / Subtle or violent, we not dur'd / Single with like defense, wherever met, / HOw are we happy, still in fear of harm? |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - what kind of life do we live here if we do so in fear, if I can't be safe alone? |
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Term
| And what is Faith, Love, Virtue unassay'd / Alone, without exterior help sustain'd? ... / Frail is our happiness, if this be so, / And Eden were no Eden thus expos'd |
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Definition
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Term
| But God left free the Will, for what obeys / Reason, is free, and Reason he made right, / But bid her well beware, and still erect, / Lest by some fair appearing good surpris'd / She dictate false, and misinform the Will / To do what God expressly hath forbid |
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Definition
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Term
| But if thou think trial unsought may find / Us both securer than thus warn'd thou seem'st / Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more; / Go in thy native innocence, rely / On what thou hast of virtue, summon all, / For God towards thee hath done his part, do thine |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Adam - "Fine, do what you want." |
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Term
| Stupidly good, of enmity disarm'd, / Of guile, of hate, of envy, of revenge; / But the hot Hell that always in him burns, / Though in mid Heav'n, soon ended his delight, / And tortures him now more, the more he sees / Of pleasure not for him ordain'd: then soon / Fierce hate he recollects, and all his thoughts / Of mischief, gratulating, thus excites |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - Satan is at first blown away by the beauty of God's creation, but his need for revenge quickly returns. |
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Term
| Whose higher intellectual more I shun, / And strength, of courage haughty, and of limb / Heroic built, though of terrestrial mould, / Foe not informidable, exempt from wound, / I not |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Satan - he decides to corner Eve because of everything she isn't and Adam is: strong, heroic, intellectual, etc. |
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Term
| So saying, her rash hand in evil hour / Forth reaching to the Fruit, she pluck'd, she eat: / Earth felt the wound, and Nature from her seat / Sighing through all her Works gave signs of woe, / That all was lost. Back to the Thicket slunk / The guilty Serpent, and well might, for Eve, / Intent now wholly on her taste, naught else / Regarded, such delight till then ... / Nor was God-head from her thought. / Greedily she ingorg'd without restraint, / And knew not eating Death: Satiate at length |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - the moment the Fall occurs. Gorging herself, she experiences true knowledge. As she thinks and knows, she begins to die. |
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Term
| Shall I to him make known / As yet my change, and give him to partake / Full happiness with mee, or rather not. / But keep the odds of Knowledge in my power / Without Copartner? So to add what wants / In Female Sex, the more to draw his Love, And render me more equal, and perhaps, / A thing not undesirable, sometime / Superior: for inferior who is free? |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - deciding whether to tell Adam or not. She wants him to be equal with her, but is perceiving and making decisions from a sinful perspective. |
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Term
| Confirm'd then I resolve, / Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe: / So dear I love him, that with him all deaths / I could endure, without him live no life. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - wants to share her death with him, doesn't want to live or die without him |
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Term
| Her hand he seiz'd, and to a shady bank, / Thick overhead with verdant roof imbowr'd / He led her nothing loath; |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - he seizes but no gentleness now, just lust. As Eve was formed in the shade, so they consummate their sin there. |
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Term
| Grosser sleep / Bred of unkindly fumes, with conscious dreams / Encumber'd, now had left them, up they rose / As from unrest, and each the other viewing, / Soon found thir Eyes how op'n'd, and thir minds / How dark'n'd; innocence, that as a veil / Had shadow'd them from knowing ill, was gone, / Just confidence, and native righteousness, / And honor from about tem, naked left / To guilty shame: hee cover'd, but his Robe / Uncover'd more. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - the pair awake feeling the shame of sinners, which immediately leads to arguing and the blame-game |
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Term
| Too facile then thou didst not much gainsay, / Nay didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss. / Hadst thou been firm and fixt in thy dissent / Neither had I transgress'd, nor thou with mee. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Eve - blames Adam for not standing his ground - Milton may be trying to say something about women here ... |
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Term
| Thus it shall befall / Him who to worth in Woman overtrusting / Lets her Will rule; restraint she will not brook, / And left to herself, if evil thence ensue, / She first his weak indulgence will accuse |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - if you leave women to their own devices and ill comes of it, they'll blame you for being weak and not stopping them |
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Term
| Was she thy God, that her thou didst obey / Before his voice, or was shee made thy guide, / Superior, or but equal, that to her / Thou didst resign thy Manhood, and the Place / Wherein God set thee above her made of thee, / And for thee, whose perfection far excell'd / Hers in all real dignity; Adorn'd / She was indeed, and lvoely to attract / Thy Love, not thy Subjection, and her Gifts / Were such as under Government well seem'd, / Unseemly to bear rule |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, the Son - yells at Adam for letting Eve rule him |
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Term
| Of all the rest; then wilt thou not be loath / To leave this Paradise, but shalt possess / A paradise within thee, happier far |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Michael - promises their restoration with the attainment of "these" virtues |
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Term
| High in Front advanc't, / The brandisht Sword of God before them blaz'd / Fierce as a Comet; which with torrid heat, / And vapor as the Libyan Air adust, / Began to parch that temperate Clime; whereat / In either hand the hast'ning Angel caught / Our ling'ring Parents, and to th' Eastern Gate / Led them direct, and down the Cliff as fast / To the subjected Plain; then disappear'd. / They looking back, all th' Eastern side beheld / Of Paradise, so late thir happy seat. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - expulsion from Eden |
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Term
| The world was all before them, where to choose / Thir place of rest, and Providence thir guide: / They hand in hand with wand'ring steps and slow, / Through Eden took thir solitary way. |
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Definition
| PL, Milton, Narrator - highlights difference between hell and earth - a place where rest is possible |
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Term
| More vain than all, that's but to grasp the wind. / The sensual senses for a time the pleasure, / Meanwhile teh conscience rage, who shall appease? / What isn't in beauty? No that's but a snare |
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Definition
| The Vanity of All Worldly Things, Anne Bradstreet - see shiny things, but realize they're empty and won't satiate you |
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Term
| Where shall I climb, sound, seek, search, or find / That summom bonum which may stay my mind? |
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Definition
| Vanity of All Worldly Things - Bradstreet - seeking the highest good in the world |
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Term
| There is a path no vulture's eye hath seen, / Where lion fierce, nor lion's whelps have been, / Which leads unto that living crystal fount, / Who drinks thereof, the world doth naught account |
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Definition
| Vanity of All ..., Bradstreet - crystal fount is divine grace (highest good) |
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Term
| The depth and sea have said "tis not in me," / With pearly and gold it shall not valued be. / For sapphire, onyx, topaz who would change; / It's hid from eyes of men, they count it strange. / Death and destruction the fame hath heard. / But where and what it is, from heaven's declared; / It brings to honor which shall ne'er decay, / It stores with wealth which time can't wear away. |
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Definition
| Vanity of All, Bradstreet - identifies highest good as divine grace/Jesus |
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Term
| Thou by old Adam wast begot, / But my arise is from above, / Thou speak'st me fair but hat'st me sore. / Thy flatt'ring shews I'll trust no more. / How oft thy slave hast thou me made / When I believ'd what thou hast said / And never had more cause of woe / Than when I did what thou bad's do. / I'll stop mine ears at these thy charms / And count them for my deadly harms |
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Definition
| The Flesh and the Spirit, Bradstreet - resonates teachings of St. Paul (weak flesh, willing spirit) and indicates a movement towards heaven. "I'm anxious about the world and only satiation is God." Synonymous with Locke. |
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Term
| And if thou love thyself, or loved'st me, / These O protect from stepdame's injury |
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Definition
| Before the Birth, Bradstreet - protect our kids from evil stepmoms if I die. |
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