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| rod-shaped bodies that under a microscope appear to be long, threadlike structures that become visible only in dividing cells |
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| a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
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| the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis |
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| a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores |
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| the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers |
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| a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth |
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| a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane |
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| the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information |
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| the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed |
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| the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development |
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| an uncharged molecule (typically highly reactive and short-lived) having an unpaired valence electron |
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| the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes |
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| Linear Energy Transfer (LET) |
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Definition
| the amount of energy that an ionizing particle transfers to the material traversed per unit distance |
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| damage to the structure of a biological molecule such as DNA, enzymes, or proteins that results in reduction or absence of normal function |
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| Relative Biologic Effectiveness |
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| the ratio of the doses required by two radiations to cause the same level of effect |
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| Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau |
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| radiosensitivity of a biological tissue is directly proportional to the mitotic activity and inversely proportional to the degree of differentiation of its cells |
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| the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave |
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| the colorless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles |
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| a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis |
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