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Definition
| farther away from the center of the body (ie.fingers are distal to the toes) |
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| closer to the center of the body (ie, the knee is more proximal than the ankles) |
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| towards the middle or midline |
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| an imaginary plane which slices perpendicularly (like a T) through the head parallel to the front of the face...divides body front from back |
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| imaginary plane which slices parallel to the midline of the body (left and right)perpendicular to the anterior surface |
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| a sagittal section exactly through the midline |
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| a sagittal section parallel to midsagittal,but not midsagittal |
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| horizontal or transverse plane |
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Definition
| at a right angle to coronal and sagittal planes, divides body into superior and inferior portions (top from bottom) |
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| towards the front, or ventral surface of the body |
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| toward the back, or dorsal surface of the body |
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| towards the surface (ie. skin is most superficial surface) |
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| under other layers (ie. muscles are deep to the skin) |
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Definition
| on the same side of the body |
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| the opposite side of the body |
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| a hollow tube (ie, esophagus or aorta) |
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| a long, thin, solid structure (ie. nerve or ligament) |
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| beside,beyond,altered, abnormal |
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| blood or lymph flowing towards an organ |
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| conduct impulses towards the CNS (central nervous system)sending messages |
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Definition
| takes blood away from an organ |
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| (motor) conducts impulses away from CNS...receiving messages |
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| a rough, rounded elevation |
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| a large, rounded eminence (high bump) for articulation (to touch) with another bone |
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Definition
| elevation on a condyle, above the condyle |
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| a shallow, but wider depression |
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| a slit-like gap or a cleft |
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| an antrum, air cells, or a sinus/enclosed body that holds something |
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| found only on midline of the body |
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| fontanelles are made from_______ |
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Definition
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| what 4 things can be learned from fontanelles? |
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Definition
1.Growing process/progress
2.identify any cranial malformations
3.Level of hydration
4. Level of intercranial pressure |
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Term
| What happens to sutures in the elderly? |
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Definition
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| People of African descent have a larger _____? and what is it called? |
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Definition
| jutting out of the maxilla (prognathus),wide nasal aperture, long, broad palate and a skull with longer lateral aspects. |
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Term
| In the infant skull, by what age do the bones fuse? |
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Definition
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| during first few months of life what fontanelle begins to close? |
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Definition
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| by what age is the posterior fonatnelle fused? |
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Definition
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Term
| by 18 mos you can no longer palpate the _______ fontanelle |
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Definition
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| Asian skulls tend to have _________ |
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Definition
| zygomatic bones that project forward, very rounded orbits, and flat profiles. |
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Term
| Caucasian skulls have ________ |
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Definition
| recessed zygomatic bones, narrow nasal apertures, narrow, triangular palate and a metopic suture. |
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| Name the layers before the bone on the skull |
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Definition
Skin
superfiCial fascia
epicranial Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty substance that covers and protects nerves, a layered sheath that acts like elctrical conduit. |
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Definition
| a bulging, weak area of an artery that supplies blood to the brain |
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Term
| Describe subdural hematoma and what type of vessel is bleeding? |
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Definition
| collection of blood UNDER the dura mater- it is a bleeding VEIN |
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Term
| Define epidural hematoma and what vessel is bleeding? |
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Definition
| when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura- caused by tearing of artery |
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Term
| Describe subarachnoid hemmorhage and what vessel is bleeding |
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Definition
| Bleeding between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater.....the SUBarachnoid space.....the bleeding from an artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebrospinal fluid.....it is protective and nourishing , colorless, liquid that goes through ventricles and spinal cord as a shock absorber |
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Term
| what causes the "white" in white matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 layers of connective tissue that cover the brain? |
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Definition
dura mater
arachnoid layer
pia mater |
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Term
| another name for the motor strip |
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Definition
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| another name for the sensory strip |
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Definition
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Term
| a touch on your left arm will cause neurons to fire where? |
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Definition
| RIGHT post- central gyrus |
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Term
| language in most people occurs in what hemisphere? |
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Definition
| the left cerebral hemisphere |
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Term
| when someone asks you a question in what order is it processed in your brain? (to understand and respond back) |
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Definition
1. Heschl's gyrus receives auditory input
2. Wernicke's area decodes language.
3. arcuate fasciculus, white matter pathways that transfers the info to an area near the motor cortex.
4. Broca's area speech. |
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Term
| What is the LEFT hemisphere of the cerebral cortex responsible for? (4 things) |
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Definition
. Controls muscles on R side of body
2. Spoken and written language
3. Numerical and scientific skills
4. Reasoning |
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Term
| What is the RIGHT hemisphere of the cerebral cortex responsible for?(5 things) |
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Definition
1. Controls muscles of L side of body
2. Musical and artistic awareness
3. Space and pattern perception
4. Insight
5. Imagination |
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Term
| pre central gyrus controls this group |
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Definition
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Term
| POST central gyrus carries info for....... |
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Definition
temperature
pain
touch
and body positioning |
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Term
| what could a lesion in Broca's are cause? |
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Definition
| non fluent apahasia or expressive aphasia (cannot articluate or form words properly) |
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Term
| patient presents with fluent aphasia or receptive sensory apahasia (cannot understand spoken or written communication (speaks but not coherent) |
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Definition
| stroke or lesion in Wernickes |
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Term
| describe alzheimers disease |
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Definition
| degeneration and death of nerve cells in the hippocampus and amygdala causing memory deficit and poor cognitive skills |
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Term
| progressive disorder of nervous system that involves movement |
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Definition
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| condition that involves brain and nervous system functions caused by brain injury/abnormality/hypoxia |
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Definition
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Definition
| genetic disease, defect on chromosome #4 where certain nerve cells in brain degenerate |
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Definition
| brain disorder involving repeated, spontaneous seizures, caused by abnormally excited electrical signals in the brain |
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Term
| progressive, autoimmune disease that effects brain and spinal cord caused by damage to the myelin sheath |
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Definition
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| paralysis of 1 side of body |
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Definition
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Definition
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| area deep in forebrain that helps regulate emotion and memory, functionally part of the olfactory cotex which is essential to smell |
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Term
| map of your body in your brain |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the danger triangle? |
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Definition
| goes from upper lip to bridge of nose |
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Term
| what is the danger in the danger triangle Causes? |
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Definition
| infection of facial veins spreading to dural sinuses.caused by lacertaion to nose or squeezing pimple next to nose or upper lip |
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Term
| in what lobe is the primary vision area? |
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Definition
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