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3. Lower Extremity
Origins, fxn, insertions, innervation
69
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
09/16/2009

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Term
Illiacus
Definition
O:illiac Fossa.
I: Lessor Trochanter.
Action: Hip Flexion.
Nerve: Femoral Nerve.
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
O: Illia-sacrum-coccyx.
I: gluteal tubersosity on femur- iliotibial tract.
act: Hip extention.
Nerve: Inverior Gluteal nerve.
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
O: Illiac Crest-outer surface of illium.
I: greater trochanter of femur.
Action: Hip aBduction.
N: Superior gluteal nerve.
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
O: Outer surface of illium.
I: greater trochanter.
A:Hip ABduction.
N: Superior glueteal nerve.
Term
Tensor facsiae latae
Definition
O: Anterior of illiac crest.
I: into IT band(gerdys tubricle).
A: ABduction/Flexion.
N Superior Gluteal Nerve.
Term
Piriformis
Definition
O: Anterior Sacrum .
I: Greater Trochanter.
A: Hip external Rotation.
N: Nerve to Piriformis.
Term
Oburator internus adn Externus
Definition
O: obterator foramen.
I: greater trochanter.
A: external rotaion of Hip.
N: obterator nerve.
Term
superior/inferior Gemelli
Definition
O:iscial spine tuberosity
I:greater trochanter
A:external rotaion at teh hip
N: nerve to the Quadratus Femoris
Term
Quadratus Femoris
Definition
O: intertrochanter crest.
I
A:external rotation.
N:Nerve to the Quadratus Femoris.
Term
Sartorius
Definition
O:ASIS.
I:Medial Tibial Condyle.
A: Flex Hip and Knee.
N: Femoral.
Term
What are the 4 muscles in the Quadratus Femoris and what nerve innervates them
Definition
1. Rectus Femoris.
2. Vastus Lateralis.
3. Vastus Medialis.
4. Vastus intermeius.
N: Femoral.
Term
Restus Femoris
Definition
O: AIIS.
I: platella/tibial tuberosity.
A Flex Hip. Extend knee.
Term
Vatus Lateralis
Definition
O:lateral lipf of the linea aspera.
I: platella-->tibial tuberosity.
A: extends knee.
Term
Vastus Medialis
Definition
O: linea aspera(medial).
I: tibial tuberosity.
A:extends knee.
Term
Vastus intermedius
Definition
O: Anterior Femur.
I: Platella/tibial tuberosity.
A: extention of knee.
Term
What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh (5)
Definition
1. Pectineus.
2. Gracilis.
3. Adductor Longus.
4. Adductor Brevis.
5. Adductor magnus.
Term
Pectineus
Definition
O:
I: Femur.
A: aDduction.
N: Femoral.
Term
Gracilis
Definition
O:inferior ramus of Pubic bone.
I: medial condyl of tibia.
A: aDduct Hip-Flex Knee.
N: Obturator.
Term
Adductor Longus/Brevis
Definition
O:Inferior ramus of pubis.
I: Linea Aspera.
A: ADduction.
N: Obturator.
Term
ADductor Magnus
Definition
O:Ischial tuberosity.
I:Linea Aspera-ADductor tubercle.
N: Oberturator.
Term
What muscles crate teh posterior compartment of the hip? (3)
Definition
1. Biceps femoris.
2. Semiteninosus.
3. Semimembinosus.
Term
Biceps Femoris
Definition
O(L):ishial tuberosity (S)linea aspera.
I: Head of Fibula.
A:extend hip*Flex knee.
N:(L)tibial*(S)common parnial
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
O: Ishial Tuberosity.
I: Anterior surface of Medial tibial condyle.
A: extend hip* Flex Knee.
N: Tibial Nerve.
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
O:ishial Tuberosity.
I:Medial Tibial Condyle.
A:Hip extend * Knee flex.
N: Tibial nerve.
Term
What 3 muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg
Definition
1. Tibialis Anterior.
2. Extensor Digitorum Longus.
3. Extensor Hallucus Longus.
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
Position: just superior to tibial.
A:dorsal flexor* invertor.
N:Deep Peroneal Nerve.
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Definition
Pos: lateral to tibials anterior (I: toes 2-5).
A: doriflextion* weak evertor *extends dig 2-5.
N: Deep peraneal nerve.
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Definition
Pos:deep/lateral to E.D.L (I: distal portion of toe.
A: invertor of foor * extends toes.
N:Deep Paraneal Nerve.
Term
What 3 muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg
Definition
1. Peroneus longus.
2. Peroneus Brevis.
3. Peroneus tertius.
Term
Peroneus Longus
Definition
O: head/ upper 1/3 of fibula.
I:Base of 1st metatarsal bone.
A: plantar flexion of ankle * eversion of foot.
N: superficial paraneal Nerve.
Term
Peroneus Brevis
Definition
Deep to Peroneus Longus.
O:lower 2/3 of Fibula.
I:base or the 5th metatarsal.
A: plantar flex * everter.
Term
Peroneus Terius
Definition
(weak sister)
O:retinaculum.
I: 5th metatarsal.
A: everter.
Term
What 7 muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg? what nerve innervates all of them
Definition
(3 superficial)
1. Gastrocnemius.
2. Soleus.
3. Plantaris.
(4 deep)
4. popliteaus.
5. Flexor digitorum longus.
6. Flexor hallicus longus.
7. Tibialis posterior.

Tibial Nerve.
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
O:
I:Calcaneon tendon.
A:plantar flexion * flexor of the knee
N: Tibial nerve
Term
Soleus
Definition
O: fibula/tibia.
I: plantaris calcucaneon tendon.
A: plantar flexion.
N:Tibial Nerve.
Term
Plantaris
Definition
I: Lateral FEmoral condyle.
O:plantaris tendon(Joins with calcaneon).
A: Knee Flexor * Weak plantar flexor.
Term
Popiteus
Definition
O: Lateral femoral condy.
I: proximal tibia.
A: Knee Flexor.
N Tibial Nerve.
Term
Flexor Digitorum longus
Definition
Pos: tendon around meial maleoulus(dig 2-5).
A: plantar flexor * flexes dig 2-5.
N Tibial Nerve.
Term
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Definition
Pos:inserts into great toe-lateral. part of deep.
A: plantar flexor.
N: Tibial Nerve.
Term
Tibialis Posterior
Definition
Pos: Inbetween previous 2 muscles.
A: plantar flexion * Inversion.
N: Tibial Nerve.
Term
What muscles make up the 1st layer of the foot?
Definition
1. Abductor Hallucis.
2. Flexor Digitorum Brevis.
3. Abductor Digiti minimi.
Term
ABductor Hallucis
Definition
Pos: metatrsal phalangel joint.
A: ABductor.
N: Medial Plantar nerve.
Term
Flexor digitorum Brevis
Definition
Pos: Medial.
A: flexion.
N: Medial Plantar Nerve.
Term
ABductor Digiti Minimi
Definition
Pos: most lateral.
A: ABducts little toe.
N: Lateral Plantar Nerve.
Term
What Muscle makes up the 2nd lay of the foot
Definition
1. Quadratus plantae.
2. Lumbricales.
Term
Quadratus plantae
Definition
O:calcaneous tendon/ FDL.
A: indirectly flexes dig 2-5.
* if FDL is paralysed then this can flex digits slightly.
Term
Lumbricles
Definition
O: FDL.
I interphalangeal joints.
A: flexes metatarsals/extending interphalangels.
N: medial plantar for 1st lumbrical *
lateral plantar for all others.
Term
What muscles make up the 4th layer of the foot
Definition
1. Dorsal interossei.
2. Plantar interossei.
Term
Dorsal interossei
Definition
A: aBduction dig 2-4 where 1&2 act on dig 2...3 on 3 ....and 4 on 4
Term
Plantar Interossei
Definition
A: aDduct digits where it starts on teh 3rd digit
***second toe doesnt ADduct***
Term
Anatomy
Definition
stude of structure
literally means to cut up
Term
anatomic position
Definition
the body id standing erect, eyes directed forward, armsa te sides with palms facing forward adn feet together
Term
anterior
Definition
in front (vertral
Term
posterior
Definition
behind (dorsal)
Term
superior
Definition
above
cranial
Term
inferior
Definition
below
caudal
Term
superficial
Definition
externally located
Term
deep
Definition
interally located
Term
medial
Definition
middle
closer to the midline of body
Term
lateral
Definition
further from midline
Term
proximal
Definition
close
Term
distal
Definition
far
Term
midsagital
Definition
divides body into equal/symmetrical right and left halves
Term
sagitial
Definition
creates a right and left section
Term
frontal
Definition
coronal
creates a back and a front
Term
transverse
Definition
horizontal
creates a upper and lower half
Term
palmar
Definition
anterior hand
Term
dorsal
Definition
postior hand
fuperior foot surface
Term
plantar
Definition
inferior foot surface-sole of the foot
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