Term
- rapid sequence induction (muscle relaxation) is accomplished by what type of muscle relaxant?
- "-curonium", "-curarine", & "-acurium" are three suffixes used for what type of drug?
- "-phonium" suffix drugs |
|
Definition
- Succinylcholine (relaxation in <60s)
- non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
- AChE inhibitor drugs (e.g. edrophonium) --> used to reverse blockade |
|
|
Term
| What do you give to keep a PDA open? to close it? |
|
Definition
prostaglandins to keep it open (PGE1)
Indomethacin to close it (inhibits PGE1 production) |
|
|
Term
gene for Alkaptonuria?
inheritance? |
|
Definition
Homogentisate oxidase
autosomal recessive
Problem w/ tyrosine (& phenylalanine) metabolism |
|
|
Term
| - 2 arteries that CN III passes through? |
|
Definition
| - PCA & Superior cerebellar |
|
|
Term
- Non sorbitol-fermenting, non glucuronidase-producing E.coli?
- what is the MOA of the toxin produced?
- lethal complication? |
|
Definition
EHEC
Inactivates 60S ribosome in human cells
HUS |
|
|
Term
| synthesis of pyrimidine and/or purine bases are affected by folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 causes of HIV esophagitis? |
|
Definition
- CMV: linear ulcers w/ owel's eye
- HSV (NOT VZV!): vesicles & punched-out uclers w/ cowdry A
- Candida: pseudomembrane & pseudohyphae |
|
|
Term
these risk factors are associated w/ what bone disease?:
Smoking
Menopause
Corticosteroid therapy
Physical inactivity
Caucasian race
Low total body weight (<127lbs)
EtOH use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| person has primary hypothyroidism (high TSH, low T3 & T4). You administer T3, what happens to rT3 levels? |
|
Definition
| rT3 levels will decrease (come from T4, which will be inhibited from being produced b.c. exogenous T3 will inhibit the hypothalamus/anterior pituitary from releasing TSH) |
|
|
Term
| why is there no N.gonorrhoeae vaccine & why can someone keep getting it over and over? |
|
Definition
N.gonorrhoeae has massive antigenic variation in its outer membrane proteins.
"Por" proteins are major surface proteins on Neisseria. PorA & PorB expressed on meningococcal. Only PorB on gonococcal. PorB has hundreds of serovars --> can't make a vaccine
Additionally, PorB is important for gonococcal pathogenicity (e.g. facilitates cellular invasion & prevents complement lysis) |
|
|
Term
- inheritance of brutons agammaglobulinemia?
- what is missing in pts? |
|
Definition
- X-liked (bruton's tyrosine kinase: needed for B-cell proliferation)
- B-cells & immunoglobulins --> recurrent pneumonias in kid <1y.o.
Interestingly, since the T-cell system is intact, there is still a DTH response to injection of immunoreactive substances (e.g. candida antigens, PPD) |
|
|
Term
| Anti smith antiboides are antibodies against snRNPs. Name one function of snRNPs |
|
Definition
| splicing (in the spliceosome) |
|
|
Term
| Digoxin blocks Na/K ATPase, thus increasing intracellular Na+, decreasing Na+ gradient, and causing decreased efflux of ____ through _____ |
|
Definition
| Ca++ through Na/Ca exchanger (more is left inside cell --> gets stored in SR --> larger Ca++ release w/ depolarization) |
|
|
Term
| Person w/ hyperthyroidism gets treated & then comes back w/ a sore throat & fever. What happened? |
|
Definition
agranulocytosis from either methimazole or PTU therapy
This is a rare complication
(ASIDE: methimazole is teratogenic, while PTU isn't, so use PTU in pregnancy (P for Pregnancy)) |
|
|
Term
| Name all the drugs affecting Dopamine metabolism given in Parkinson's disease |
|
Definition
- Levodopa: needs AAAD to be activated to DA
- Carbidopa: prevents DA metabolism by AAAD in peripheral tissues
- Entacapone, tolcapone: prevent COMT conversion of DA --> 3-OMD
- Selegeline: MAO-B inhibitor
NOTE: don't forget about Benztropine, an antimuscarinic to improve tremor but not rigidity |
|
|
Term
| large amounts of this ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN, consisting of spheres & tubules (~22nm), is secreted in massive amounts by HepB. Far exceeds the amount of HBcAg produced |
|
Definition
| HBsAg (amount in plasma poorly correlates w/ viral replication) |
|
|
Term
| Drug class that causes body-fat redistribution (i.e. thin legs, fat trunk) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Important capsular antigen in E.coli meningitis?
Are E.coli motile? ferment lactose? Glucose? |
|
Definition
- K1 antigen (allows for hematogenous survival)
- E.coli are motile G(-) rods that ferment both glucose & lactose |
|
|
Term
| what provides somatosensory information to posterior 1/3 of tongue? taste sensation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DeQuervian (giant cell) subacute thyroiditis & Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis:
which one is painful? |
|
Definition
DeQuervian
(NOTE: lymphocytic is usually hyper, but can be hypo, esp when associated w/ post-partum pts --> will eventually resolve) |
|
|
Term
| is psoriatic arthritis a deforming joint disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| polycystic kidney in an adult: what is the inheritance pattern? |
|
Definition
AD (10% of pts on dialysis)
(the acronym is ADPKD) |
|
|
Term
| Polycystic kidney in infant --> usually die shortly after birth or w/in 1 year of life: what is the inheritance pattern? |
|
Definition
AR
(remember ADULTS or DOMINANT, kids aren't) |
|
|
Term
In HIV:
- gag proteins
- env proteins |
|
Definition
- gag = p24 & p7
- env = gp120, gp41 |
|
|
Term
| does HepB or HepC integrate into host genome? |
|
Definition
HepB
NOTE: HepB is unique, in that it replicates via DNA->RNA->DNA; it's polymerase has both DNA-pol & RT capabilities; Virus infects --> DNA incorporates into genome --> RNA produced --> protein & DNA produced |
|
|
Term
| Neurotransmitters messed up in Huntingtons |
|
Definition
decreased GABA, ACh, & substance P in striatum
loss of inhibitory signals --> NMDA-mediated neurotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| Enzyme deficiency in most common form of Xeroderma pigmentosum |
|
Definition
UV-specific endonuclease (enzyme that takes part in nucleotide excision repair)
NOTE: base excision repair is different. In this process, a single nucleotode is glycosylated, removed by an endonuclease, and then that single base is replaced (alternatively a larger patch can be made, see wiki) |
|
|
Term
| decreased GABA because of increased CAG repeates |
|
Definition
Huntingtons disease (HD gene)
decreased GABA neurons in striatum |
|
|
