Loiaisis

Fly-borne

H: Nematode (filaria) Loa loa

• "African eye worm"
• Spread by Chrysops flies (deer flies, mango flies)
• Infects tissue; adults can migrate to just under the surface of the eye

Three other diseases with fly vectors

• Onchocerciasis (river blindness) - blackflies
• Trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) - tsetse flies
• Leishmaniasis (kala azar) - sandflies

 Plague

Flea-borne

B: Yersinia pestis

• Spread by fleas- Xenopsylla
• Carried by rats
• Bubonic: swollen lymph nodes; pneumonic: severe pneumonia

Typhus

Flea, louse, tick-borne

B: Rickettsia typhi, R. prowazekii

• Spread by rat fleas, lice and ticks
• Typhus (high fever) is not typhoid (diarrheal)

Bartonellosis

Fly, flea, louse-borne

B: Bartonella spp.

• Cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae); spread by cat fleas; cat reservoir
• Trench fever (Bartonella quintana), spread by body lice; causes endocarditis
• Oroya fever/Carrion's disease/verruga peruana (Peruvian wart) (Bartonella bacilliformis), spread by sandflies (Luyzomyia); rare and found only in S. America