Term
| Players in Acid Base Balance |
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Definition
Rapid Response: Buffer systems
Respiratory: Modulate CO2 output, can modulate in minutes
Renal: Modulate secretion/absorption of HCO3 and H+. |
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1. CO2, gets converted to carbonic acid in the blood by carbonic anhydrase.
2. Fixed acids: through catabolism of proteins or pathophysiology |
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Term
| Extracellular Fluid Buffers |
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Definition
1. Carbonic Acid Buffer System
2. Phosphate Buffering System |
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Definition
pH=pK + log [HCO3- ] / s (PCO2)
Simplification: pH=Kidney/Liver=HCO3/CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
Family of zinc containing enzymes, more than 16 members
CAs catalyze the conversion of CO2 and HCO3-
Without CAs, carriage of CO2 to the lungs would be inadequate and allows rapid buffering of H+ for pH balance
CA II-highest turnover of any enzyme, 1 CA II molecule can convert more than 1 million CO2 molecules to HCO3- ions!!! |
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Definition
| Relationship between HCO3 and CO2 that will keep the pH the same. Rule for simple acid base equilibrium: Movement of CO2 and HCO3 should be in same direction to match pH: HCO3/CO2 |
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1. Intracellular buffers (organic phosphates and hemoglobin)
2. Plasma proteins |
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Serves as plasma buffering protein.
Negatively charged protein that binds Ca and H.
Acidemia leads to more protons bound to albumin instead of Ca.
Alkalemia leads to more Ca+2 bound to albumin, resulting in ↓ serum free Ca+2 (hypocalcemia)→numbness, tingling, tetany (contraction) associated with respiratory alkalosis |
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Term
| Metabolic acid base disorders |
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Definition
| Disorder in HCO3 levels, seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. |
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Term
| Respiratory acid base disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| Simple Acid Base Disorder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
More than one disorder going on at same time.
Clues to the Presence of a Mixed Disorder:
Normal pH (except chronic respir alkalosis)
pCO2 and HCO3 deviating in opposite directions
pH change in opposite direction for a known primary disorder |
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