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| all regions of earth where organisms live. |
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| periodic warming of equatorial pacific waters and the associated shifts in global weather patterns |
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| periodic cooling of equatorial pacific waters and the associated shifts in global weather patterns |
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| average weather conditions in a region over a long time period |
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| wind that reverses direction seasonally |
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| dry region downwind of a costal mountain range |
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| group of regions that may be widely separated but share a characteristic climate and dominant vegetation |
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| biome with little rain and low humidity; plants that have water-storing and water-conserving adaptions predominate |
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| biome in the interior of continents where raises and nonwoody plants adapted to grazing and fire predominate |
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| biome dominated by a diverse array of fire-adapted shrubs; occurs in regions with cool, wet winters and a dry summer |
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| biome dominated by short trees that do not completely shade the ground; occurs in region with cool, wet winters and a dry summer |
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| temperate deciduous forest |
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| northern hemisphere biome in which the main plants are broadleaf trees that lose their leaves in fall and become dormant during cold winters |
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| highly productive and species-rich biome in which year-round rains and warmth support continuous growth of evergreen broadleaf trees |
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| extensive high-latitude forest of the northern hemisphere; conifers are the predominant vegetation |
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| biome of low-growing, wind tolerant plants adapted to high-altitude conditions |
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| highest-latitude northern hemisphere biome, where low, cold-tolerated plants survive with only a brief growing season |
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| continually frozen soil lays that lies beneath arctic tundra and prevents water from draining |
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| during the fall, waters of a temperature zone mix. upper, oxygenated water cools, gets dense, and sinks, nutrient rich water from the bottom moves up |
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| a body of standing fresh water |
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| in temperature zone lakes, a downward movement of oxygenated surface water and an upward movement of nutrient-rich water in spring |
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| thermal stratification in a large body of water; a cool mid layer stops vertical mixing between warm surface water above it and cold water below it. |
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| a highly productive ecosystem where nutrient-rich water from a river mixes with seawater |
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| reeds built by living corals calcium carbonate. |
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| the oceans sediments and rocks |
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| rocky, onderwater opening where mineral-rich water heated by geothermal energy streams out |
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