Term
| What are the two main parts of a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of cell outside of the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| "Little organs" that enable a cell to function and are located in the cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is the function of the nucleus? |
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Definition
| Contains DNA and coded instructions on making proteins |
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Term
| What is the nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
| Two membranes that surround the nucleus and are dotted with nuclear pores |
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Term
| Proteins, RNA, and other materials move through what before reaching the rest of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is chromatin and where is it located? |
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Definition
| Protein that is bound to DNA and spread throughout the nucleus |
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Term
| What are chromosomes and how are they formed? |
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Definition
| Formed when cell divides and chromatin condenses, to carry genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense region where assembly of ribosomes begins |
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Term
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Definition
| Particles of RNA and protein where proteins are assembled |
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Term
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? |
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Definition
| Site where lipid components of cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials, to be exported into Golgi apparatus |
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Term
| What is the portion of ER involved in protein synthesis called and why? |
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Definition
| Rough ER, due to multitude of ribosomes |
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Term
| What is the other portion of ER called and why? |
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Definition
| Smooth ER, because it has no ribosomes due to enzyme use (synthesis of lipids) |
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Term
| What is the Golgi apparatus and its function? |
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Definition
| Close membranes that modify, sort, and package proteins from the ER to be exported to other cell parts or out of the cell itself |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme-filled organelles which break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and old organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Sac-like structures filled with liquid where water, salt, protein, and carbs are stored |
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Term
| What purpose of life do vacuoles help maintain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main sources of energy for a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organelles that convert chemical energy from food into convenient compounds |
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Term
| What are mitochondria made up of and where are they inherited from? |
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Definition
| Made of two membranes (inner/outer) and inherited from ovum (female) |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelles that convert chemical energy from sunlight to energy, through photosynthesis |
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Term
| What important pigment to chloroplasts contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two organelles in a cell have their own DNA? |
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Definition
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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Term
| What is the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| Network of protein filaments that help cell maintain shape and movement |
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Term
| What are the two filaments that make up the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| Microfilaments, and microtubules |
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Term
| What are microfilaments made of and what are their characteristics? |
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Definition
| Thread-like and made of protein actin; tough and flexible, they're responsible for cell movement |
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Term
| What are microtubules made of and what are their characteristics? |
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Definition
| Hollow and made of protein tubulin; form mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes (reproduction), and build cilia and flagella |
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Term
| What are centrioles and their purpose? |
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Definition
| Organelles formed from tubulin, help organize cell division |
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Term
| What organelles are found ONLY in animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelles are found ONLY in plants? |
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Definition
| Chloroplasts, cell membrane |
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