Term
| What does the integumentary system consist of |
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Definition
Skin
Accessory Organs
Subcutaneous Tissue |
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Term
| What is the largest organ in your body |
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Definition
Skin usually classified as an organ anatomically
The skin is both a body system and an organ
You have about 3,000 square inches
That is 15% of your body weight |
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Term
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Definition
Thermoregulation
Protection
Melanin
Langerhans Cells
Excretion and absorption
Separate internal body from environment
Vitamin D synthesis
Cutaneous sensations |
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Definition
adjusting body temperature
releasing sweat
adjusting the flow of blood in the dermis |
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Term
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Definition
| Keratin and Oil from sebaceous glands |
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Definition
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Definition
stimulate immune response
Phagocytosis |
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Definition
excrete approx. 400 mL of water daily
absorb fat-soluble vitamins i.e. A, D, E AND K, drugs, gases |
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Definition
| Separate internal body from environment |
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Definition
| needed for Calcium absorption |
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Definition
| touch, pressure, vibrations, hot & cold |
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Term
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Definition
Keratinocytes
90% of epidermal cells
made of keratin |
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Term
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Definition
| a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes, and chemicals and gives the skin a water-repellent quality |
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Term
| What are the 3 skin pigments |
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Definition
Melanin
Hemoglobin
Carotene |
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Term
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Definition
produced by melanocytes
responsible for skin color
synthesizes melanin from the amino acid tyrosine |
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Term
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Definition
| Contributes to the pink/red color of skin |
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Term
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Definition
Yellow-orange pigment
Precursor of vitamin A |
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Term
| Integumentary system 3 main parts |
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Definition
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous (sub Q) layer |
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Term
| Subcutaneous (sub Q) layer |
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Definition
aka hypodermis
areolar and adipose tissues
helps anchor the skin to the underlying tissues and organs |
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Term
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Definition
Superficial layer: Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium
4 cell types
1. Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3. Langerhans (dendritic) cells
4. Merkel cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Keratinocytes-90% of epidermal cells; produce keratin - a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes, and chemicals and gives the skin a water-repellent quality |
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Term
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Definition
8% of epidermal cells
produce melanin
melanin contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging UV light |
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Term
| Langerhans (dendritic) cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
least numerous
deepest layer of epidermis
touch sensations |
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Term
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Definition
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum (stratum basale) |
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Term
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Definition
superficial layer
many layers of dead keratinocytes make skin water-proof and provide protection to deeper layers from injury and microbial invasion
can develop a callus in this layer as a result of constant friction to the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| only in thick skin of the fingertips, palms, and soles of feet |
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Term
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Definition
middle of epidermis
marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata |
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Definition
contains layers of keratinocytes, some Langerhans cells and melanocytes
provides strength and flexibility |
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Term
Stratum Germinativum
(stratum basale) |
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Definition
deepest layer
contains all four types of cells
where most keratinocytes undergo mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
Contains keratin (protein from dead cells)
Prevents entry/loss of water
Barrier to pathogens & chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
Site of mitosis
Produces keratin protein |
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Term
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Definition
| when layers of the epidermis separate, or when epidermis separates from dermis, fluid collects in the separation |
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Term
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Definition
| if skin subjected to pressure, mitosis in stratum germinativum increases & creates a thicker epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
First-Degree – only superficial epidermis; red but not blistered
Second-Degree – deeper layers of epidermis; blisters
Third-Degree – entire epidermis charred/burned away; may extend to dermis or subcutaneous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Blister
Callus
Burns
Skin Cancer |
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Term
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Definition
deep layer of skin containing:
Collagen and elastic fibers
Blood vessels
Nerves
Glands
Hair follicles
Cell Type: Fibroblasts – produce collagen and elastin fiber |
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Term
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Definition
Papillary Region (Layer)
Junction of dermis & epidermis
Reticular Region |
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Definition
| superficial - contains nerve endings & capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme stretching may produce small tears in the dermis causing striae or stretch marks |
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Term
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Definition
Hair
Glands
Nails
Receptors |
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Term
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Definition
(Pili)- present on most skin surfaces
Not on palms
Not on palmar surfaces of fingers
Not on plantar surfaces of feet
Quantity: genetic and hormonal |
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Term
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Definition
Shaft
Root
Hair Follicle
Arrector pili muscle (pilomotor) |
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Term
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Definition
Superficial portion of the hair
Dead keratinized cells
the shaft of straight hair is round
that of wavy hair is oval, and
that of curly hair is kidney-shaped |
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Term
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Definition
Penetrates the dermis, sometimes subcutaneous layer
Contains “matrix” cells
site of mitosis - produces keratin
3 concentric layers:
medulla
cortex
cuticle |
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Term
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Definition
Surrounds the root
Made of epidermal tissue |
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Term
| Arrector pili muscle (pilomotor) |
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Definition
Pull the hair follicles upright when stimulated by cold or fear
Goose bumps |
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Term
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Definition
Nail body (Lunula and Eponychium)
Free edge
Nail root |
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Term
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Definition
visible portion of nail (pink due to blood in underlying capillaries)
Lunula
Eponychium (ep’–o–NIK–e-um) = cuticle |
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Term
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Definition
“nail” that extends past digit
white because of the lack of capillaries |
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Definition
buried under skin within follicle
Site of mitosis/keratin production |
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Definition
Grasp small objects
Protect digits
Scratch body parts |
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Definition
dependent on nutrition, age and health
average is 1 mm per week
somewhat slower in toenails
longer digit, faster nail growth |
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Definition
Most sensory receptors in dermis
Merkel cells in stratum germinativum
Touch, pressure, heat, cold, pain
Provide info to brain about environment
Number of receptors determines sensitivity
Free nerve endings
Encapsulated nerve endings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Encapsulated nerve endings |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sweat glands - Apocrine, Eccrine Sebaceous Glands
Ceruminous glands |
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Term
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Definition
Control body temp by releasing sweat Apocrine: underarms (stress)
Eccrine: entire body (maintain body temp); opens to a pore |
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Term
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Definition
oil glands: Secrete sebum
Inhibit bacterial growth
Prevent drying of skin & hair |
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Term
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Definition
modified sweat gland in external ear produce cerumen (ear wax)
Keeps outer surface of eardrum pliable & prevents drying |
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Term
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Definition
aka superficial fascia, contains
Areolar connective tissue
Adipose tissue (cytokines) |
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Term
| Subcutaneous Tissue functions |
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Definition
Connects dermis to muscle
Migrating WBCs destroy pathogens
Fat storage
Cushioning
Insulation |
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Term
| Areolar connective tissue |
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Definition
Connects skin to muscles
Contains:
WBCs to destroy pathogens
Cells that release histamines, leukotrienes & other chemicals for inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
Contains stored energy (true fats)
Cushions bony prominences & provides insulation from cold
Contributes to appetite & use of insulin
Produces cytokines that activate WBCs |
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