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| 3 Functions of the plasma membrane |
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Definition
Isolate cell contents from external environment.
Regulate exchange of materials.
Communicate with other cells. |
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| Each carrier protein or ion channel binds to and transports only a single type of molecule or ion. |
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| Mixture of acid and base that helps resist change in pH. |
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| Chemical that has a pH below 7. |
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| Chemical that has a pH above 7 |
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| Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
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| Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
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| Solutions with the same osmotic pressure because their solute particles are in equal concentrations. |
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| Greater concentration of solute, therefore greater osmotic pressure, than another solution. |
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| Having a lower solute concentration, therefore a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. |
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| A solution with an equal concentration of solutes as a cell that is in the solution. |
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| A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell that is in the solution, causing the cell to shrink. |
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| A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than a cell that is in the solution, causing the cell to swell. |
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| Internalization of substances by a cell. Includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis. |
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| When solid particles are ingested by a cell during endocytosis. |
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| When smaller vesicles are formed that contain molecules dissolved in liquid and are taken into a cell. Cell drinking. |
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| When a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and its contents are expelled from the cell. |
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| When liquids and small substances pass through pores within the cell membrane, but larger molecules do not. |
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| Proteins in the plasma membrane with an exposed site on the outer surface of a cell that act to trigger a cellular response. |
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| Proteins extended deeply into membrane, often extending from one surface to the other and can form channels through the membrane. |
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| Proteins attached to integral proteins at either the inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer. Also called periferal proteins. |
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| Organelle that acts as the control center of a cell and contains the DNA of the cell. |
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| Double membrane containing pores that regulate the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus. |
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| All the material within the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus. |
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| Water-based material with dissolved salts and organic materials inside the cell and outside the organelles. |
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| Network of three groups of proteins that provides shape, support and movement capabilities of the cell. |
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| Large and small subunits that bind together during protein synthesis and may be bound or free within the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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| Interconnected membrane bound tubes and channels within the cytosol that is continuous with the nuclear envelope and acts to manufacture molecules necessary for cell function. |
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| ER that contains bound ribosomes and is the primary site of protein synthesis. |
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| ER that lacks ribosomes and acts as a site for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis. |
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| Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions. |
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| Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other that act to modify, package and distribute proteins and lipids for secretion or use by the cell. |
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| Semiautonomous organelle that acts to extract energy from molecules. Site of the Kreb's cycle and ETS. |
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| Inner membrane of the mitochondria that forms folds within the outer membrane. |
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| Membrane-bound vesicles that pinch off from the Golgi apparatus and contain enzymes that breakdown molecules. |
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| Extensions of the plasma membrane containing doublets of microtubules that move materials over the surface of cells. |
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| Extensions of the plasma membrane containing doublets of parallel microtubules that are responsible for movement of the cell. |
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| The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions within a cell. |
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| Conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid due to a lack of oxygen during respiration. |
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| The breakdown of pyruvic acid to form CO2, H2O and 36-38 molecules of ATP in the presence of oxygen. |
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| The process of copying DNA to form RNA using RNA polymerase. |
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| Protein synthesis as a result of reading codons from mRNA at the ribosomes. |
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| Region on a protein where specific molecules and ions form a chemical bond. |
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| Three main stages of the Cell Cycle |
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Definition
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokenesis |
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| Three phases of interphase |
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Definition
G1(gap) phase
S phase
G2 phase |
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Definition
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase |
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Definition
| The time between cell divisions |
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| G1 and G2 phases of interphase |
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Definition
| cell metabolism and growth occurs |
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| Chromatin is condensed into chromosomes |
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| Chromosomes align at the center of the cell and attach to spindle fibers. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes separate and start migrating to the poles of the cell. |
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| Chromosome migration is complete and nuclear envelopes form from the ER. |
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| Division of the cytoplasm of the cell. |
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| Pyruvate must be energized by Enzyme CoA to form Acetyl CoA for this to occur. |
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Definition
Citric Acid Cycle
(Cannot occur without this) |
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| Energy carrier molecules which enter the ETS. |
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Definition
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| Number of ATP produced for every FADH2 molecule |
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Definition
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| Number of ATP produced for every NADH molecule. |
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Definition
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| Energy molecules produced in Lactic Acid fermentation |
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Definition
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