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A/P I: Chapter 4: Muscle, Nervous, Embryonic Tissues
Histology
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/18/2009

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Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition

Contracts or shortens with force.

Moves entire body and pumps blood.

Cells have electrical currents.

Term
Types of Muscle Tissue
Definition

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition

Attaches to bone

Voluntary in action

Striated in appearance

Multi-nuclear

Term
Cardiac muscle
Definition

Involuntary in action

Striated in appearance

Contains intercalated disks

Term
Intercalated disks
Definition
Where cells in cardiac muscle come together. Provides greater communication between cells via gap junctions.
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition

Typically found in hollow organs and blood vessels.

Involuntary in action

Non-striated in appearance

Contractions called peristalsis

Term
Peristalsis
Definition
Wave-like contractions of smooth muscle tissue.
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
Has the ability to conduct electrical impulses.
Term
Two types of nervous tissue cells
Definition

Neurons

Neuroglia

Term
Neurons
Definition
Cells that transmit action potentials
Term
Neuroglia
Definition
Cells that support neuronal function. Support cells of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Term
Four Layers of Embryonic Tissue
Definition

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

Mesenchyme

Term
Endoderm
Definition
Inner layer of embryonic tissue that forms the digestive tract.
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
Middle layer of embryonic tissue that forms bone, muscle, and blood vessels.
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
Outer layer of embryonic tissue that forms skin and nervous tissue
Term
Mesenchyme
Definition
Embryonic connective tissue that forms in both the mesoderm and the ectoderm.
Term
Three types of membranes
Definition

 Mucous

Serous

Synovial

Term
Mucous Membrane
Definition
  • Consists of epithelial tisue and loose connective tissue.
  •  Found in cavities that open to the outside of the body.
  • Function depends on location, but includes protection, absorption and secretion.
  • May contain goblet cells.
Term
Serous membrane
Definition
  • Consists of simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane and loose connective tissue.
  • Line cavities that do not exit body.
  • Protect and hold organs in place.
  • Produce fluid that lubricates b/w double layers.

 

Term
Three examples of serous membrane
Definition

Pleural membrane - surrounds lungs

Pericardium - surrounds heart

Peritoneium - surrounds digestive tract

Term
Synovial Membranes
Definition
Modified connective tissue that forms joint capsules of freely moving joints.
Term
Synovial fluid
Definition
Liquid secreted by synovial membranes containing high concentrations of hyaluronic acid and found within joints.
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