1. Chemical
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ Sytem
6. Organism

1. Water is a solvent
2. Water is a lubricant
3. Water changes temperature slowly

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
2. Ribonucliec Acid (RNA)
3. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nerve

Name the two types of bone tissue

1. Compact Bone
2. Spongy Bone

1. Axial
2. Appendicular

Cavities contain red bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, platelets and five types of white blood cells.

1. Actin
2. Myocin

1. Cranial
2. Facial

1. Contract
2. Shorten
3. Produce movement

1. Central
2. Peripheral

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

1. Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic

1. Afferent (Sensory) neurons
2. Efferent (Motor) neurons
3. Interneurons

1. Visual reflexes
2. Auditory reflexes
3. Equilibrium

The occipital lobes contain areas for...

1. Vision
2. Interpretaion of spatial relationships

1. Erythrocytes: red blood cells
2. Lymphocytes: white blood cells
3. Platelets

1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Protozoa
4. Fungi
5. Worms
6. Arthropods

What type of infection is spread through out the body via blood or lymph by a pathogen?

1. Frontal bone
2. Parietal bones (2)
3. Temporal bones (2)
4. Occipital bone
5. Sphenoid bone
6. Ethmoid bone

1. Mandible
2. Maxilla (2)
3. Nasal Bones (2)
4. Lacrimal Bones (2)
5. Zygomatic (2)
6. Palatine (2)
7. Vomer
8. Inferior nasal conchae (2)

1. Frontal
2. Zygomatic
3. Maxilla
4. Lacrimal
5. Ethmoid
6. Sphenoid
7. Palatine

1. Frontal
2. Sphenoid
3. Ethmoid

1. Preorbita
2. Orbital septum

1. Spread tears
2. Protect globe of eye
3. Help to drain tears
4. Contains structures that produce tears

List the three structures found in the medial portion of the palpebral fissure

1. Plica semilunaris
2. Caruncle, Lacrimal lake
3. Cilia

1. Medial palpebral ligament
2. Lateral palpebral ligament

They both connect the tarsal plates to orbital rims and hold them in postion during eye and lid movement.

1. Palpebral conjunctiva
2. Fornix
3. Bulba conjuctiva

1. Meibomian glands
2. Accessory lacrimal glands (Krause & Wolfring)
3. Sebaceous glands of Zeis
4. Glands of Moll

1. Keeps surface of eye moist
2. Lubricates area between eyelids and globe
3. Traps debris and remove old cells
4. Main source of oxygen for cornea
5. Smooth refractive surface for best optical function
6. Contains antibacterial chemicals
7. Keeps cornea hydrated

1. Mucin (mucous) layer - INNER
2. Aqueous (watery) layer- MIDDLE
3. Lipid (fatty) layer- OUTER

List the four structures of the nasolacrimal drainage system.

1. Puncta
2. Canaliculi
3. Nasolacrimal sac
4. Nasolacrimal duct

1. Superior rectus
2. Inferior rectus
3. Medial rectus
4. Lateral rectus
5. Superior oblique
6. Inferior oblique

1. Superior Rectus = Elevation (up)
2. Inferior Rectus = Depression (down)
3. Medial Rectus = Adduction (in)
4. Lateral Rectus = Abduction (out)
5. Superior oblique = Depression (in & down)
6. Inferior Oblique = Elevation (out & up)

1. Epithelium
2. Bowman's layer
3. Stroma
4. Descemet's membrane
5. Endothelium

1. Surface: Two layers of non-keratinized squamous cells
2. Middle: Two layers of wing cells
3. Basal layer: Single layer of columnar cells that produce the basement membrane.

Can Bowman's layer regenerate?

1. Pleomorphism : change in cell SHAPE
2. Polymegathism: change in cell SIZE

Both a result from a lack of O2

1. Diffusion of O2 from aqueous humor in the anterior chamber
2. Conjunctival and episcleral capillary networks located in limbus
3. Atmospheric O2 through the tear film

Name the loose, vascularized connective tissue that overlies the sclera.

Name the structure that is made up of circular collagen bundles extending from the inner portion of the sclera.

In the lens, name the area responsible for cell mitosis.

Name the antioxidant that detoxifies free radicals in the young lens.

Name three events that occur during accomodation for near focus.

1. Ciliary muscle is CONSTRICTED and ANTERIORLY positioned
2. Zonules are looser
3. Lens is more convex

• Collagen
• Hyaluronic Acid
• Hyalocytes

1. Iris
2. Ciliary Body
3. Choroid

1. Pars plicata
2. Pars plana

The choroid is located between what two stuctures?

Sclera and Retina

1. Photorecptor
2. Bipolar
3. Ganglion

What is the most internal layer of the retina?

• Night vision
• Peripheral vision
• Seeing blacks and grays

Dendrites receive info from cells

Axons relay info to cells

Eversion of the eyelid margin.

The lid margin falls away from its postion against the globe.

Inversion of the lid margin.

Lid margin is turned inward.

An acute inflammation of an eyelid gland, usually caused by staphyloccoci.

The measurement of intraocular pressure helps us to determine if a patient may have chronic open-angle glaucoma.

True or False

Rods are NOT specialized for?

Consists of an opaque, slightly elevated mass of modified conjunctival tissue in the interpalpebral area, usually at 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock position.

Describe AMD

(Age-Related Macular Degeneration)

1. Crystalline Lens
2. Suspensory Ligaments
3. Cilliary Muscles

1. Cornea
2. Aqueous Humor
3. Crystalline Lens
4. Vitreous Humor

Canal of Schlem

1. Sclera
2. Choroid
3. Retina

1. Sphincter Pupillae
2. Dilator Pupillae

1. Fibrous- outer protective coat, sclera/cornea
2. Vascular- uveal tract, iris/ciliary body/choroid
3. Neural-retina

Retina

120 millions rods

60 million cones

An opaque spot floating in the vitreous humor. Gel-like substance, vitreous can detach itself from the cornea and cause floaters.

Consists of Iris, Ciliary Body, Choroid.

Choroid