Term
| Anatomical Regions & Planes |
|
Definition
| Axial Region-head, neck and trunk Appendicular region-limbs or extremities Saggital Frontal Transverse |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Cranial -within the skull brain spinal verterbral Ventral-contains soft internal organs Thoracic abdominopelvic scrotal-present in males |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Directional Right-pt's right Left-pt's left superior (above) toward the head inferior (below) away from the head anterior (in front) nearer to the front posterior (in back) nearer to the back Directional Right-pt's right Left-pt's left superior (above) toward the head inferior (below) away from the head anterior (in front) nearer to the front posterior (in back) nearer to the back |
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Term
|
Definition
| Major function of the skin protection thermorequlation somatosensory perception Vit D synthesis |
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|
Term
| Chapter 3 Body process of Regulatory |
|
Definition
| Homeostasis-normal, regulates "staying the same" core body temp. blood concentrations of Na+, K+, H+, Ca & other mineral ions blood sugar extracellular fluid volume arterial blood pressure |
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|
Term
| Chapter 4 Chemical Basis of Life |
|
Definition
| Features of atomic Structure protons (+) charge neutron (uncharged) nucleus (center) electrons (-) charge |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of Chemical Bond |
|
Definition
| molecules are structures that result from attachment of atoms to one another |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of endocytosis & exocytasis |
|
Definition
| Endocytosis-cellular uptake Exocytosis-intracellular vesicles fuse w/ the plasma membrane & release contents to the exterior |
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|
Term
| Characterstics of Carrier Mediated Transport |
|
Definition
| substances permeating plasma membranes channels are barrel shaped pores carriers proteins that acutally bend individual solute molecules |
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Term
|
Definition
| Medial-nearer midline lateral-farther midline ipsilateral-same side contralateral-the opposite side from proximal-nearer to the attachment distal-more distant superficial-toward |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Deep-away from the surface intermediate-between two structures |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a substance due to the random movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hair nails dermal glands Dermis-a largely made up of connective tissue, extracellular fibers of collagen & elastin Hypodermis-under the dermis & not technically part of the skin |
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|
Term
| Epidermal derivaties-contd |
|
Definition
| Radiiation (transfer) Convection (air movement) Conduction (direct heat flow) |
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|
Term
| General features of cells |
|
Definition
| plasma membrane-outer layer nucleus-genetic material (DNA) endoplasmic reticulum-internal membrane system ribosomes-molecular machines Golgi apparatus-staked sacs of ER mitochondria-rod-like structures cytoskeleton-scaffold of filaments |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st-mainly damage to the epidermis 2nd-partial thickness some damage to the dermis 3rd-full thickness both the dermis and subcutaneous tissue damage |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nervous Mucsculoskeletal Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Excretory Lymphatic Reproductive |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine Immune Integumentary |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a structure that is composed of two or more tissues & carries out multiple functions |
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Term
|
Definition
| a diffusive movement of water down a water concentration gradient |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| skin is chronically expose to UV radiation damage the DNA of the dermal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nervous-specialized for processing info. Epithelial-consists of sheets of cell Muscle-contration & generation of force Connective-holds body parts together Adipose-specialized for storage of fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling or shrinkage are harmful or fatal to the cells & must be minimized |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Covalent-strongest form Ionic-when an element that readily gives up electrons reacts. Hydrogen-nitrogen & hydrogen-oxygen are polar covalent bonds Van Der Walls-attrative forces that develop between molecules or between different parts |
|
|
Term
| Types of chemical reactions |
|
Definition
| synthetic decomposition oxidation-reduction-redox |
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|
Term
| Various Layers of the epidermis |
|
Definition
| Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum correum |
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|
Term
| Various skin cell types & functions |
|
Definition
| Kerantinocytes-production of the protein keratin Melanocytes-productio of melanin Immunocytes- 1st line of defense against invasion by microbes, fungi, and parasites |
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|
Term
| 6 Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis |
|
Definition
1. Growth hormone
2. Prolaction
3. adrenocorticotropic
4. TSH
5. FSH
6. LH (luteninizing hormone) |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of muscle contraction |
|
Definition
isotonic contraction-allowed to shorten & lift a load
isometric contraction-not allowed to shorten |
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|
Term
| 4 Influenes on enzyme activity |
|
Definition
Temp
Inhibitors-natural requlatory substance
Allosteric regulation "at another site" than the active site
Expression of particular Isoforms
products of separate genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are brief stereolypic changes in the membrane potential of excitable cells |
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|
Term
|
Definition
amino acids must be present in the diet
proteins-important to body function and struture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
simple sugars
contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Cell Activity related to energy & metabolism |
|
Definition
catabolism-cell extracts energy from chemical source
ATP-the main source of energy avaible to cells |
|
|
Term
| Characteristic of Compounds |
|
Definition
Acids decrease Ph
Bases increased Ph
Salt-dissociate in solution to yield a free cation |
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|
Term
| Characteristic of somatic sensation |
|
Definition
| Body surface is responsive to the submodalities touch, vibration, temp., sense pain |
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|
Term
| Characteristic of the auditory system |
|
Definition
hearing
equilibrum
frequency discrimination
sound localization |
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|
Term
| Characteristic of the gustatory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristic of the vestibular system |
|
Definition
head orientation & linear accerlation
rotatinal accerlation of the head |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of bone tissue |
|
Definition
| mainly responsible for hardness & wt of bones |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of cardiac muscles |
|
Definition
fibers are striated
spontaneous contractile activity
contract automatically |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
striated
gap juncitons
voluntary
controlled by the somatic motor branch
supporting & moving joints |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of the olfactory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristis & function of nuclic acids |
|
Definition
DNA/RNA
Genetic Code
Protein Synthesis
Control of Gene expression
DNA replication |
|
|
Term
| Characterstics of Carrier Mediated Transport |
|
Definition
substances permeating plasma membranes
channels are barrel shaped pores
carriers proteins that acutally bend individual solute molecules |
|
|
Term
| Characterstics of smooth muscle |
|
Definition
surrounds the walls of hollow visceral organs
cells are smaller in lenght & diameter |
|
|
Term
| Classify adenohypophyseal hormones according to their structures |
|
Definition
Tropic hormones that control the function of other endocrine glands
growth, TSH, FSH, & LH ACTH |
|
|
Term
| Common descriptive terms found in muscle names |
|
Definition
location
size & shape
location & # of attachments
action |
|
|
Term
| Compare resting potential to action potential |
|
Definition
| the plasma membrane is mainly permable to K+ and the inside to outside concentration |
|
|
Term
| Describe funciton of the bones |
|
Definition
Formation-development by connective tissue during osteogensis
Remodeling-stresses placed on them
Growth of bones-controlled by hormones
*growth hormone
*parathormone
*calcutonin, Vit D, sex steriods |
|
|
Term
| Describe synaptic transmission |
|
Definition
| where signals travel from neurons to other neurons or form neurons to muscle cells |
|
|
Term
| Describe the characteristics of the autonomic nervous system |
|
Definition
| part of the peripheral nervous system that supplies motor innervation |
|
|
Term
| Describe the functions of the adrenal glands |
|
Definition
a branch of the sympathetic nervous system
secretes steriod hormones |
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of a peripheral nerve |
|
Definition
| axons are bundled togehter into nerves |
|
|
Term
| Exercise physiology as it related to muscle |
|
Definition
| related mainly to its cross-sectional area so larger muscle are stronger |
|
|
Term
| Explain the molecular basis of muscle contraction |
|
Definition
the sarcomere is the basic functional unit
of the contractile machinery of striated muscle |
|
|
Term
| Explain the roles of aldosterone & cortisol |
|
Definition
controlled mainly by the kidney itself
renin secretion
vasopression-cortisol
stimulates ACTH secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ovaries-gametogensis (formation of reproductive cells)
testes-testosterone
differentiation of male internal & external gentalia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
basal metabolism & heat production
normal growth & development
calcitonin-stimulates bone calcification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the simplest way of organizing the nervous system
to achieve an appropriate response |
|
|
Term
| ID major characteristics of the CNS |
|
Definition
telecephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencepalon |
|
|
Term
| ID propriocptors in the human body |
|
Definition
muscle receptors & stretch reflexes
golgi tendon organs & tendon reflexes
joint kinesthetic organs |
|
|
Term
| ID structural Components of bones |
|
Definition
Diaphysis-shaft of the bone
Metaphysis-widened area that joins the shank of the bone to its head
epiphysis-ends of the bone |
|
|
Term
| ID surface freatures of bones |
|
Definition
articular
process
depressions & openings |
|
|
Term
| ID the actions of the nontrophic adenhypophysel hormones |
|
Definition
Growth and Growth hormone
HGH (human growth hormone)
prolactin milk production |
|
|
Term
| ID the divisions & subdivisions of the nervous system |
|
Definition
somatic sensory
somatic motor
visceral sensory
visceral motor |
|
|
Term
| ID the major characteristic of neurons |
|
Definition
myelin sheaths
target cells are called synapses
3 classes of neurons
*multipolar
*bipolar
*unipolar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
human body (70-80%) water
surface tension
Heat of vaporization
Solvent Properties
solutes can be dissolved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fatty acids
triaaylgycerols
glyolipids
phospholipids |
|
|
Term
| List & compare the different muscle types |
|
Definition
skeletal-attached to the skeleton
cardiac-heart
smooth-surrounds hollow internal organs |
|
|
Term
| List & define the 4 major classes of hormones |
|
Definition
1. tyrosine derivatives-T3 & T4 thyroid
2. Peptides & proteins-small protein consisting dozens to hundred of amino acids
3. steroids-derivatives of chol.
4. Eicosanoids-prostaglandins key mediators in the control of blood flow & inflammation |
|
|
Term
| List & Describe the 3 types of cartlige |
|
Definition
hyaline-glassy translucent material
fibrous-interwoven thread of collagen
elastic-elastin fibers |
|
|
Term
| Major characteristics of the visual system |
|
Definition
Image-forming device
errors of refraction
photorecption & information processing |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action of steroid hormones |
|
Definition
| poorly water soluble typically travel in the blood as complexes |
|
|
Term
| Movements of diarhrotic joints |
|
Definition
flexion/extension
dorsiflexion
abduction/adduction
circumduction
rotation
supination/pronation
inversion/eversion
protraction/retraction
elevation/depression
opposition |
|
|
Term
| Negative feedback requlation in endocrine systems |
|
Definition
hormone secretion varies to oppose changes
in feedback -regulated variable |
|
|
Term
| Neural control of skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
| the motor neurons hat control skeletal muscle belong to the somatic branch of the the motor system |
|
|
Term
| Parts of Pituitary gland & their functions |
|
Definition
posterior lobe-neural tissue
anterior lobe-roof of the primitvie pharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Spheniod
Ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| Parts of the Vertebral column |
|
Definition
c-spine
lumbar
sacrum & coccyx |
|
|
Term
| Principal muscles of major joints |
|
Definition
mandibular
shoulder/arm
elbow
hip-thigh
knee
ankle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
self sensing
monitoring the interal state of the body |
|
|
Term
| Structural cats of joints |
|
Definition
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
General principles of sensory systems
organize an appropiate response
centers of the CNS
location of the stimlus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parathormone is stimulated by decrease in levels of Ca++ in the plasma |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the pancreas |
|
Definition
| exocrine gland it secretes an alkaline juice containing digestive enzymes into the intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glucagon-produced by alpha cells
insulin-produced by beta cells
somatostatin-produced by delta cells |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the pineal gland |
|
Definition
| melatonin secretion follows a day-night cycle with most of the hormone secreted during the darkness |
|
|
Term
| List nonglandular tissue that process endocrine functions |
|
Definition
enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract peptide hormones.
kidney-secretes an enzymen renin
heart-muscle fibers of the atria release a peptide hormone called atrial natriunetic factor (ANF)
placenta-connects the developing fetus to the lining of the uterus.
thymus-T-cell dirrentiation
adipose tissue-fat
endorphins-peptide hormones nervous system produces its own endogenous opiates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three main functions of blood |
|
Definition
transport of nutrients
regulation of the fluid environment of cells
protection against loss of extracellular fluid thru hemostasis |
|
|
Term
| Physical properties of blood |
|
Definition
specific gravity-ratio between the wt of the liquid and that of an equal.
viscosity-a measure of the fluids resistance to flow |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe the formal elements of blood |
|
Definition
RBCs-lack a nucleus sink to the bottom of the centrifuge.
RBC-oxygen
WBC-fighters
platelets-clot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood cell production occurs mainly in bone of the axial skeleton principally the sternum. |
|
|
Term
| Name & describe the nonformed elements of blood |
|
Definition
nonprotein solutes-extracellular fluid
plasma proteins-albumins, globulins & fibringen
nutrients & wasteproducts dietary sources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a classifciation of blood based on the presence or abensce of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of RBCs |
|
|
Term
| The process of hemostasis |
|
Definition
| a process which causes bleeding to stop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ID the parts of the heart including its various chambers & valves |
|
Definition
4 chambers
RT atrium
LT atrium
RT ventricle
LT ventricle
Valves
Tricusip
semilunar
aortic |
|
|
Term
| Contrast the properties of cardiac muscle to those skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
both are striated
cardiac is involuntary |
|
|
Term
| List & explain the stages of the heart cycle |
|
Definition
diastole-heart relaxed
1st heart sound results from the closing of the AV valves
2nd heart sounds results from the closure of the pulmonary & aortic valves |
|
|
Term
| Autonomic modulation of heart function |
|
Definition
| heart maintains a regular rhythm and its force to meet demand (Frank Starling Law) |
|
|
Term
| Components of cardiac output |
|
Definition
the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
HRxSV=cardiac output
cardiac output=venous return |
|
|
Term
Chapter 12
The Vascular System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List various types of blood vessels & their functions |
|
Definition
arteries-carry blood away form the heart
capillaries-small vessels that are the sites of all exchange of materials between tissues.
Veins-carry blood back to the heart |
|
|
Term
| ID & describe the types of special circulations within the body |
|
Definition
Hepatic portal-collects venous blood from abd. & pelvic digestive organs and delivers this blood to the hepatic portal vein.
coronary circulation-the heart must perfuse with like any other organ. cerebral, renal, pulmonary, fetal. |
|
|
Term
| Describe blood flow regulation within the body |
|
Definition
VR (volume flow)=MAP (mean arterial pressure/TPR (total peripheral resistance)
Driving force for blood flow within a single blood vessel. |
|
|
Term
| Various functions of capilleries |
|
Definition
glomerular-enclosed in the initial segment of the nephron.
peritublar-surronds the cortical parts of the tubule |
|
|
Term
| Component of the lymphatic system and functions |
|
Definition
lymph nodes-collecting vessels pass thru
lymphatic trunks-largest collecting vessels converge |
|
|
Term
| Describe the components of the immune systems & their functions |
|
Definition
Lymphoid organs-the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids, Peyer's patches.
spleen-screens for blood borne antigens and removes ages RBCs
Thymus-differentiation of T lymphocytes
Tonsils-tonsilar crypts trap bacteria that have lodged on phayngeal surface.
Peyers patches-screen the intestinal contents for novel bacteria & to oppose infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nonspecific- are not conditioned by previous exposure to particular invader.
specific response-are directed only against an invader bearing particular molecular components antigens. |
|
|
Term
| Chapter 13 Respiratory System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main parts of the airway & respiratory zone |
|
Definition
Nasal cavity
larynx
bronchi |
|
|
Term
| Physical aspects of ventilation |
|
Definition
| presses equally on all surface that freely exposed to the atomosphere |
|
|
Term
| ID respiratory muscles & movements |
|
Definition
sternocleidomastiods/scalenes-internal intercostals
external intercostals-external & internal abd. obliques
parasternal intercostals-transversus abd.
Diaphragm-rectus abd. |
|
|
Term
| ID the various lung volumnes & capacities |
|
Definition
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Residual volume (RV)
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
Vital capacity (VC)
Total lung capacity (TLC) |
|
|
Term
| ID & explain the various restrictive & obstructive lung diseas |
|
Definition
Asthma-an inflammatory or allergic response to air contaminants.
Chronic bronchitis
Respiratory distress syndrome
Chest wall disease
Fibrotic lung diease
damage to the lung by inhaled air contaminants such as dusts & fibers |
|
|
Term
| Explain the relationship between respiratory dead space & aveolar venlitation |
|
Definition
| alveolar ventilation is influenced by respiratory dead space. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process of gas exchange |
|
Definition
| dry air contains about 21% O2. Most of remaining gas is nitrogen with trace amounts of other gases. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process of hemoglobin and oxygen transport |
|
Definition
most of the O2 carried by blood about 98% is carried by hemoglobin.
Oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is determined by its hemoglobin content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of red cells and or the content of hemoglobin is deficient |
|
|
Term
| The process of carbon dioxide transport |
|
Definition
| CO2 leaving metabolizing cells readily diffuses into the plasma |
|
|
Term
| ID the characteristics of the neural contol of respiration |
|
Definition
Brain stem-respiratory area
Central chemoreceptors-located in the medulla
Peripheral chemoreceptors-carotid & aortic bodies
Stretch receptors-the lung & chest wall
Hypothalamic centers-reflect arousal & emotion |
|
|
Term
| Explain respiration in exercise |
|
Definition
| the lungs must accept a substantially increased cardiac output in exercise |
|
|
Term
Chapter 14
The Digestive System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ID the characteristics of the peritoneal cavity & the peritoneum |
|
Definition
peritoneum-an epithelial membrane that covers the wall of the abd. cavity.
peritoneal cavity-contains the intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs |
|
|
Term
| Explain the funcition of mastication & the salivary glands |
|
Definition
| mastication-food is broken up by chewing and mixed with saliva |
|
|
Term
| Describe the parts of the esophagus & their functions |
|
Definition
the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm & joins the stomach.
gastroesophageal sphincter closes off the esophagus to protect from acidic stomach contents. |
|
|
Term
| Parts of the stomach & their functions |
|
Definition
Fundus-the cup shaped
Antrum-funnel shaped
Pylorus-canal terminating with the pyloric
Sphincter-guards the entry into the intestine |
|
|
Term
| Parts of the small intestinge & their functions |
|
Definition
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
-longest part of the alimentary canal
-enzymatic digestion food & absorption of its constituent nutrients |
|
|
Term
| Name the enzymes secreted by the pancreas and ID their actions |
|
Definition
Lipase & colipase-convert triacylglycerols to monoglycerdies & free fatty acids.
Tryspin, chymotrypsin-attack specific peptide bonds.
Carboxypeptidase-aminopeptidase, dipeptidase removes carboxy-terminal amino acids.
Amylase-converts strach to oligo saccharides
RNAase, DNAase-converts ribonucleotides to pentoses, purines & pyrimidines |
|
|
Term
| ID the major components of liver |
|
Definition
hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein |
|
|
Term
| Explain the process of absorption in the small intestine |
|
Definition
| the intestine can absord sugars and amino acids against their concentration fat absorption |
|
|
Term
| Parts of the large intestine and their functions |
|
Definition
cecum, colon and rectum-small intestine
Ascending colon-superiorly from the cecum & make a bend.
Transverse colon-passes along the anterior abd.
Descending colon-makes a S-shaped curve medially
Sigmoid colon-leading to the rectum
Anal colon-the terminal portion of the rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
energy need differ from person to person.
BMR(basal metabolic rate)-the rate of energy consumption |
|
|
Term
| Explain how the body converts glucose to energy |
|
Definition
glycolysis
*the liver is an important source of glucose for other tissue.
*absorded glucose may be used to supply the immediate glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pathway is a cycle because it ends by attaching an acetate from the reaction step |
|
|
Term
| Body converts protein & fat to energy |
|
Definition
| protein catabolism is proteolysis breaking of the peptide bonds |
|
|
Term
| The absorptive & postabsorptive states |
|
Definition
During the absorptive state glucose, amino acids and triacylglycerols are entering the body.
During the postabsorptive state, nutrients are not entering form the intesting & the enery needs of the body must be met by drawing on reserves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ID the characteristic of urine |
|
Definition
| a product that contains excess water, plasma, solutes, urea, ammonia, sulfuric acid |
|
|
Term
| Describe the parts of the kidney & their function |
|
Definition
Renal cortex-outer layer
Renal medula-inner
Renal sinus-hollow space in medial part of the kidney
Hilus-medial side of the kidney the site of entry of the renal artery
Renal artery-a branch of the abdominal aorta
Renal vein- a branch of the inferior vena cava
Ureter |
|
|
Term
| Major functions of the renal concentrating mechanism |
|
Definition
| serve the changing homeostatic needs of the body |
|
|
Term
| ID the major characteristics of the distal tube & the renal diluting mechanism |
|
Definition
rate of blood perfusion to the kidney (a measure of BP)
the sodium concentration of plasma |
|
|
Term
| Main components of renal function |
|
Definition
Potassium homeostatsis
Filtered Load
Renal clearance
Renal handling of sodium
Renal handling of K+
Renal handling of Ca++ & phosphate
Renal handling of fixed acids & bases |
|
|
Term
| ID 3 classes of diuretics |
|
Definition
1. Osmotic (nonmetabolizable sugar alcohol mannitol.
2. Transport inhibitors (loop diuretics)
3. aldosterone antagonists (ace inhibitors) |
|
|
Term
| ID characteristics of urinary bladder |
|
Definition
prevents reflux of urine into the ureters
Internal & external urethral sphincters-normal blocks the flow of urine into the urethea |
|
|
Term
| Explain the importance of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance |
|
Definition
Preventation of dehydration
Specific homeostatic challenges
Water is average 65% of the body mass of men 55% for women |
|
|
Term
| ID the components of acid-base homestatsis |
|
Definition
Intracellular buffers-cytoplasm is protein
Extracellular buffers-important buffer is bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Volume flow- 1-2 liters/day
Color-yellow to amber
Ph- 4.6-8.0
Specific gravity- 1.001-1.035
Turbidity- clear |
|
|
Term
| Chapter 16 Reproductive System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the process of meiosis in the formation of reproductive cells |
|
Definition
| The process of cell division, formation of reproductive cells |
|
|
Term
| Describe the male & female reproductive system |
|
Definition
Male system-paired testes (primary male reproductive organs)
Vas deferens
scrotum
penis
Female System
ovaries (primary female reproductive organs)
Uterus
Vagina-passageway |
|
|
Term
| Describe the period of pregnancy |
|
Definition
begins with the implantation of an embryo & ends with labor & delivery
1st stage dilation true labor begins
2nd stage expulsion stage cervix completed dilated (about 10 cm)
3rd stage placental stage of labor & delivery of placental |
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Term
| ID the characteristic of lactation |
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Definition
lactation-milk production a day or 2 after delivery
cloudy fluid called colstrum
contain quantities of maternal antibodies |
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Term
| List sexual differences & changes over the life span |
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Definition
Genetic sex is established at the time of fertilization
Interal accessory structures
-ovaries (female)
-testies (male)
external genitalia
-glans clitoris
-glans penis
Puberty
Menopause
starts 50-60 years of age when cessation of ovarian cycling |
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