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Term
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Definition
| REPRODUCTIVE CELLS; SPERMATOZOA/OVA; produced by GONADS; HAPLOID; when gametes fuse = DIPLOID - ZYGOTE |
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Definition
| Sperm are always being created and matured; Eggs are never created AFTER birth - only ONE matures per month (after puberty) |
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Definition
MITOSIS X2!!
produces gametes - haploid cells -
diversity = random genetics |
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Term
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Definition
| Inside the testes - produce haploid sperm through SPERMATOGENESIS |
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Term
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Definition
| Support, nourish, and regulate the cells during spermatogenesis |
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Definition
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Definition
| Increased body hair; sometimes decreased growth of scalp hair; enlargement of larynx, thick skin, increased muscular growth and strengthening of bones |
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Term
| Pituitary Hormones in the Male |
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Definition
| Male body reproductively immature UNTIL hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin Realeasing Hormone - stimulates Ant. pituit. gland to release gonadotropins |
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Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Male |
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Definition
| Stimulates spermatogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the interstitial cells to producle male sex hormones |
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Definition
| called ANDROGENS; Testosterone MOST important; produces rapidly at puberty |
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Term
| Regulation of Male Sex Hormones |
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Definition
| Concentration of testosterone RISES, hypothalamus is inhibited and ant. pituit. secretion of gonadotropins is REDUCED. and vice versa |
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Term
| Regulation of Female Reproductive Hormones |
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Definition
estrogen and progesterone -
Ovaries under control of FSH and LH
gonadotropin and hormone levels vary over 28 day cycle
- Estrogen and Progesterone levels affect structure of endometrium- |
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Term
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Definition
| females born with up to 2 million follicles; primary follicle turns into a maturre follicle each month - leads to ovulation; primary oocytes turn into secondary oocytes; egg released - empty follive becomes corpus luteum |
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Term
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Definition
1. Follicular Phase
2. Ovulation
3. Luteal Phase |
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Term
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Definition
days 1-13 stimulates development of oocyte-containing follicle - secretes estrogen and progesterone
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Term
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Definition
days 15-28 - corpus luteum develops and secretes hormones to promote development of endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
| female hormones affect endometrium and cause uterus to undergo uterine cycle - menstruation, proliferative phase, ovulation, secretory phase |
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Term
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Definition
| days 1-5; menses occurs due to LOW levels of estrogen/progestrone in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| days 6-13; endometirum thickens |
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Definition
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Definition
| days 15-28; endometrium continues to thicken and becomes vascular; no pregnancy, cycle begins again |
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Definition
| Penis becomes erect from sexual arousal; nitric ozide causes arteriole vasodilation; veins compressed and erectile tissue fills with blood; EJACULATION |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular tension followed by muscular contractions; 400 MILLION sperm in each ejaculate of 2-5ml; refractory period of @ least 10 min prevents another erection/ejaculation |
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Definition
| Sexual stimulation - the labia, vaginal walls, and clitoris become engorged with blood - causes sympathetic system to stimulate mucous secretion for lubrication - clitoris very sensitive |
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Definition
| Latex barrier that covers the cervix |
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Definition
| Mini-diaphragm; covers the cervix |
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Term
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Definition
| latex sheath fitted over erect penis |
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Term
| intrauterine device (IUD) |
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Definition
| Alters the uterine environment so fertilization/implantation cannot take place |
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Term
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Definition
| Birth Control Pills - prevent ovulation by stimulating pregnancy levels of estrogen/progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| Injection - alters the endometrium to discourage pregnancy |
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Term
| FUTURE contraception methods |
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Definition
1. contraceptive vaccines - utilize the immune system to block hCG that is necessary to maintain the embryo
2. antisperm vaccine |
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Term
| Each Gamete contributes to 1 zygote - |
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Definition
| During sexual reproduction, each parent contributes one haploid gamete (a sex cell with half the normal number of chromosomes). The two sex cells fuse during fertilization and form a diploid zygote (which has the normal number of chromosomes) |
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Term
| development of newly fertilized egg |
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Definition
1. sperm and egg interact = zygote
2. acrosome of a sperm releases enzymes that digest hole in the CORONA RADIATA and ZONA PELLUCIDA around egg
3. several sperm penetrate the corona radiata - only ONE sperm enters the egg |
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Definition
| epidermis, sweat glands, hair follicles, nervous system, tooth enamel, adrenal medulla |
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Definition
| skeletal system, muscular system, excretory system, circulatory and lymphatic systems, reproductive system, DERMIS of skin, lining of body cavity |
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Definition
| epithelial lining of digestive tract and respiratory system, lining of urethra and bladder, liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands |
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Term
| First week of Embryo Development |
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Definition
| Fertilization occurs in upper third oviduct - zygote produced; embryo is ball of cells called morula when it reaches uterus on THIRD day; FIFTH day - the morula is transformed into a blastocyst which has an outer trophoblast and inner cell mass |
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Term
| Second Week of Embryo Development |
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Definition
Embryo begins to implant in the uterine lining; trophoblast secretes hCG;
YOLK SAC AND AMNION FORM; GASTRULATION occurs and inner cell mass becomes EMBRYONIC DISC
trophoblast becomes CHORION |
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Term
| 3rd-5th week of embryonic development |
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Definition
NERVOUS system is first visible organ system
HEART begins to form and PUMP when left and right heart tubes fuse
4th and 5th - ALLANTOIS forms within umbilical cord
limb buds appear and SENSE ORGANS develop |
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Term
| 6th-8th week of embryonic development |
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Definition
| easily recognized as human; all organ systems are established; embryo weighs no more than an aspirin tablet |
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Term
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Definition
| oxygen and nutrients diffuse into fetal blood from maternal blood; waste diffuses into maternal blood from fetal blood |
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Term
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Definition
| fetal blood has GREATER oxygen-carrying capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| conducts half the blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava; liver is bypassed |
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Definition
| Conveys blood from right atrium to left atrium - LUNGS are bypassed |
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Definition
| conducts some blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta; lungs are bypassed |
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Definition
| carry blood from internal iliac arteries to placenta |
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Definition
| Carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus |
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| Anatomy of fetal vascular system |
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Definition
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