Term
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Definition
| the circulation of blood in adequate amounts to meet the body's need for o2, nutrients, waste removal |
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Term
| 3 Reasons we see shock (hypoperfusion) |
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Definition
Poor pump function
Pipe problems (blood vessels either leaking or dilated)
Low fluid volume (blood lost) |
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Term
| 6 methods to control bleeding |
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Definition
Direct local pressure
Elevation
Pressure Dressing
Pressure Points
Splinting Device |
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Term
| Nose Bleeds commonly caused by: |
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Definition
Skull Fx
High BP
Sinus infection |
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Term
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Definition
anxiety, agitation
tachy
pale / cool / moist skin
+RR
nausea / vomiting
+thirst |
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Term
| Decompensated Shock, signs |
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Definition
labored / irregular RR
ashen gray / cyanotic skin
weak / absent distal pulses
dilated pupils
profound hypotension
...Anytime a drop in BP is detected, shock is usually in an advanced stage |
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Term
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Definition
Maintain Patent Airway
High flow o2
Control all external bleeding
Place Pt in shock position / trendelenberg
Maintain body temp w/ blanket
Prompt Transport |
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Term
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Definition
unusual and exaggerated allergic reaction to foreign protein of other substances;
severe shock caused by the allergic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
regulates involuntary functions
HR, BP, digestion, sweating |
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Term
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Definition
| shock resulting from poor pump function |
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Term
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Definition
| fancy name for NOSE BLEED |
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Term
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Definition
| mass of blood in tissues beneath the skin |
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Term
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Definition
shock due to low blood volume, either from massive internal or external bleeding
OR extensive loss of water |
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Term
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Definition
| after compensated and decompensated; the final stage of shock resulting in death |
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Term
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Definition
circulatory failure caused by paralysis of nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to dilation.
SEEN OFTEN IN SPINAL INJURIES |
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Term
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Definition
| shock caused by sudden / temporary reduction in blood to the brain that causes syncope |
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Term
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Definition
| shock caused by a severe infection, usually bacteria |
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Term
| Spinal Column, # of vertebrae / names of sections |
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Definition
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 5 (fused)
Coccyx 4 (fused) |
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Term
|
Definition
CRANIUM; Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Mastoid process, Temporomandibular joint
FACE: Orbit (eye socket), Nasal, Zygoma (below eye), Maxilla (above teeth), Mandible |
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Term
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Definition
Subdural - beneath dura but outside brain
Epidural - Outside dura, puts pressure on brain
Intracerebral - bleeding within brain |
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Term
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Definition
Ecchymosis,
Under the eyes (Raccoon Eyes)
Behind the ear over the mastoid process (Battle's Sign) |
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Term
|
Definition
central nervous system
Brain and Spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
peripheral nervous system
network of nerves to/from organs and the brain |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (rest and recovery) |
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Term
Signs of serious head injury, VS
"Cushing's Reflex" |
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Definition
HTN
Bradycardia
Irregular RR |
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Term
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Definition
| controls nearly all functions necessary for life, including cardiac and respiratory systems |
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Term
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Definition
| part of brain that coordinates body movements |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid build up / swelling in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| largest part of brain, containing 75% of mass |
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Term
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Definition
| brain injured but no obvious outer signs of trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary loss or alteration of part or all of brains function WITHOUT actual physical damage to brain |
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Term
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Definition
| THREE layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord within the skull and spinal canal |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves that link the body to the CNS |
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Term
| the 3 collisions in auto accidents include - |
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Definition
Car vs Car
Passenger vs Interior
Organs vs Solid structures in body |
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Term
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Definition
Restraints used?
Air bags deployed?
WHen properly used, these devices decrease the damage sustained by the 2nd and 3rd collisions |
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Term
|
Definition
"whiplash" of head and neck
brain may collide with skull
hips / spine injuries common, esp cervical |
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Term
T-Bone (lateral) collision
MOI |
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Definition
#1 cause of death in MVAs
lateral whiplash injuries - skull vs door post; also thorax / shoulders
DANGER TO AORTA: 25% of severe injuries to aorta occur in lateral collisions |
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Term
Rollover collision / crash
MOI |
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Definition
Ejection / partial ejection most likely in this type of crash
Also, they get to roll around in the entire cab, even if restrained, so injuries to spine from side / top impacts highly likely |
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Term
|
Definition
When
Fall = 3x(height of child)
Significant MOI
Remember kids are top heavy because their heads are enormous and they usually fall head first from high falls. sadz. |
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Term
|
Definition
pressure waves emanating from a bullet as it travels through the body can rip tissue and rupture organs / break bones
Consult Jon Wu movies for inaccurate but entertaining examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating the tissue |
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Term
| Coup-contrecoup Brain Injury |
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Definition
| occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the side opposite the original impact |
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Term
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Definition
| awareness that unseen life threatening injuries may exist when determining the MOI |
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Term
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Definition
| injuries caused by piercing the body with an object - damage to internal structures and organs results |
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Term
| The Six Methods to Control Bleeding |
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Definition
Direct pressure
elevation
pressure dressing
pressure points
splinting device |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Bleeding from the nose?
THREE REASONS WHY - |
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Definition
skull fx
high BP = nose bleed
sinus infection |
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Term
IF bleeding from nose
AND skull Fx expected, - |
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Definition
| place gauze pad loosely under the nose |
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Term
IF bleeding from nose
AND no skull Fx suspected, |
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Definition
Pinch both nostrils together for 15 minutes.
If Pt awake and has a patent airway, put some gauze behind the upper lip to put more pressure on the area / stem flow of blood |
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Term
| PT presenting with difficulty breathing / pain in abdomen / bruising of area indicates what kind of bleed? |
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Definition
| internal. drive quickly. run over nuns if you have to. |
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Term
| Signs of Significant Internal Bleeding - |
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Definition
Vomiting of blood (hematemesis)
black tarry stools (melena)
Coughing up blood (homoptysis)
Distended abdomen
Broken Ribs
Pain
Pt restless and unable to get comfortable |
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Term
|
Definition
Anxiety
Tachy
Pale / cool / moist skin
+RR
Nausea / Vomiting
Thirst |
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Term
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Definition
Irregular RR / labored breathing
ashen gray / cyanotic skin
Weak / absent Distal Pulse
Dilated pupils
Profound HYPOtension |
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Term
| Anticipate Shock in ALL the following cases! |
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Definition
severe infection
significant blunt force trauma / penetrating trauma
Massive external bleed
Index of Suspicion for Internal Bleed
Spinal Injury
Chest / Abdominal injury
MI
Anaphylaxis |
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Term
|
Definition
Open and maintain airway
high flow O2 w/BVM if necessary
Control all external bleeds
Lay patient down
Blankets to maintain normal body temp
Burn diesel |
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Term
| Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system |
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Definition
regulates HR, BP, sweating, digestion, etc
Comprised of SYMPATHETIC (fight/flight) and PARASYMPATHETIC (rest/recovery) systems |
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Term
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Definition
| shock resulting from poor pump function |
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Term
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Definition
| the early stage of shock when the body can still deal with losing blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the late stage of shock when BP falls |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood pooling in soft tissues beneath skin; a gnarly bruise |
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Term
|
Definition
shock induced by low blood volume
Loss of blood either externally / internally
Loss of body's water |
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Term
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Definition
| last stage of shock. No turning back. |
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Term
|
Definition
circulatory failure caused by damage to nerves that regulate blood vessel constriction, leading to total dilation
SPINAL CORD INJURIES |
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Term
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Definition
aka syncope. fainting.
like the first time i saw James' mustache |
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Term
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Definition
| shock caused by severe infection, usually bacterial |
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Term
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Definition
CEREBRUM - 75% of brain, includes Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Occipital Lobe. MOST VOLUNTARY MUSCLE USE AND CONSCIOUS THOUGHT.
CEREBELLUM: coordinates body movements
BRAIN STEM: controls virtually all functions necessary for life, including cardiac / respiratory systems |
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Term
| How many pairs of nerves in the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System? |
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Definition
31 pairs of spinal nerves. conduct sensory impulse from skin to brain, orders from brain to muscles
12 pairs of cranial nerves; mostly involved in function of head and face / the senses |
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Term
|
Definition
Sensory nerves usually only perceive ONE type of stimulus and send the info to the spinal cord / brain
Motor nerves, one for each muscle, carry orders from CNS to muscles |
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Term
| Somatic (voluntary) nervous system |
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Definition
| regulates voluntary activities |
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Term
| Common complications of closed head injuries |
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Definition
cerebral edema
seizures
vomiting
CSF leakage |
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Term
| Late signs of skull fracture / deformity / injury |
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Definition
raccoon eyes
battle's sign (behind ears)
Unequal pupil size
Pupils fail to react to light
loss of sensation or motor function |
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Term
|
Definition
indicates life threatening pressure within the skull and presents with:
HTN
Bradycardia
irregular RR |
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Term
| Attain GCS / AVPU on PTs with head injuries how often - |
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Definition
| 5 minutes. Remember that the nature of this injury indicates their mentation is UNSTABLE and has the potential to deteriorate quickly |
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Term
|
Definition
| brain injured but skin has not been broken |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary loss or alteration of part / all of brain's functions WITHOUT actual physical damage to brain |
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Term
|
Definition
often caused by a penetrating object in which there may be bleeding and exposed brain tissue
Like when you head shot zombies with a crow bar. |
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Term
| MENINGES; the three layers |
|
Definition
From outside to inside
Dura Mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater |
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Term
| Treating a scalp laceration - |
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Definition
| direct pressure over the wound with dry, sterile dressing |
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Term
| Common response to head injuries / sign |
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Definition
vomiting
sometimes result of increased intracranial pressure
PROTECT THE AIRWAY |
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Term
|
Definition
ADULTS: Head & Arms = 9, Legs = 18, Front & Back of Torso = 18 each side, Groin = 1
KIDS, Head / Torso Front & Back = 18 each, Arms = 9 each, Legs = 13.5 each, groin = 1 |
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Term
| Palmer Method for % body burned |
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Definition
| PTs palm roughly = to 1% total surface area of PTs body |
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Term
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Definition
involve only the EPIDERMIS
bad sun burn |
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Term
|
Definition
EPIDERMIS and some of the DERMIS but do NOT destroy the full thickness of the skin
Skin often blistered and mottled white / red |
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Term
|
Definition
EPIDERMIS DERMIS SUBCUTANEOUS
may involve muscle tissue as well
Skin is dry, leathery, charred |
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Term
|
Definition
Epidermis: tough outer layer
Dermis: inner layer w/hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
Subcutaneous: containing fat and muscle layers |
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Term
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Definition
Keep pathogens out
Keep fluid in
maintain body temp
Provide environmental info to brain |
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Term
| 3 Categories of Soft Tissue Injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of Closed Injuries |
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Definition
includes hematomas, crushing injuries
RICES
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Splinting |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abrasions, Lacerations, Incisions, Avulsions, Penetrations |
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Term
|
Definition
Control bleeding
apply sterile dressing
DO NOT CLEAN THE OPEN WOUND, this can make bleeding worse |
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Term
|
Definition
Cool burned area to prevent further damage
Remove jewelry or restrictive clothing; synthetic material might have melted to skin, don't remove it!
Ensure open / clear airway, high flow O2
Sterile dressings over burned area
Prevent Hypothermia by covering PT with clean blanket
Prompt transport |
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Term
| Dressings / Bandages designed to - |
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Definition
control bleeding
prevent wound from further damage
prevent contamination of wound
prevent infection |
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Term
| How many bones in the human body? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Fracture
Dislocation
Sprain
Strain |
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Definition
Fracture = broken bone
Dislocation = disruption of a joint
Sprain = stretching injury to ligaments in joint
Strain = stretching of muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
the area around the injury that may be compromised as well, depending on how much kinetic energy was involved
Maintain High Index of Suspicion for associated injuries! |
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Term
|
Definition
OPEN and CLOSED
REMEMBER to control bleeding on open fractures and apply a sterile dressing
Apply ice pack to closed FX to help reduce swelling / take away some of the pain |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling in a confined area that produces dangerous pressure and can cut off blood flow and damage sensitive tissues like nerve endings - derp! |
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Term
|
Definition
superficial skin layer lost due to rubbing / scraping on a rough / hard surface
like me at the roller rink |
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Term
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Definition
| soft tissue torn completely loose and hanging like a flap |
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Term
|
Definition
thermal
friction
chemical
electrical
Nuclear Radiation (with or without resulting Super Powers) |
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Term
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Definition
| a bruise without a break in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| the scraping sound of bone on bone in a fracture |
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Term
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Definition
| discoloration associated with a closed wound. indicates bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| the displacement of organs outside the body |
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Term
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Definition
| blood collected within the body's tissues or in a body cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| linings of body cavities and passages that are in direct contact with the outside environment |
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Term
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Definition
| made of vaseline gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that prevents air and liquids from entering or exiting the wound |
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Term
|
Definition
Remove chemical from PT but DO NOT use water to remove it; some chemicals react strongly with H2O
Brush chemical off PT
THEN flush with buttloads of water to ensure chemical is properly diluted.
Flush area fror 15-20 minutes
continue to do so all the way to the ER |
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Term
| Critical Areas of the Body include - |
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Definition
Face, Hands, Feet, Groin
THINK: QUALITY OF LIFE INJURIES |
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Term
|
Definition
| two or more ribs broken in two or more places; usually presents with paradoxical motion |
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Term
|
Definition
| secure with a large bulky dressing and 2" tape |
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Term
| Treat an OPEN WOUND to the chest |
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Definition
Occlusive dressing / 3 sides taped down. 4th side open to allow any trapped air in the pleural space to escape.
Air building up in pleural space will cause collapse of the lungs - PNEUMOTHORAX |
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Term
|
Definition
rupture of weak spot in lung (bleb) which can allow air to accumulate in pleural space.
Coughing / physical activity can cause this |
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Term
| Pneumothorax can progress to Tension Pneumothorax and cause - |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| blood accumulates in pleural space after traumatic injury when the vessels of the lungs are lacerated / bleed |
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Term
|
Definition
| That's fancy talk for Bruised Lung. Can interfere with gas exchange in lung |
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Term
|
Definition
bruised heart after trauma.
CAN HAVE SAME SIGNS/SYMPTOMS AS HEART ATTACK
Irregular pulse, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
| when blood collects in the space between the PERICARDIAL SAC and the heart until the heart cannot pump effectively. Cardiac arrest can occur quickly |
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Term
| PT has signs of shock but no external / open injuries |
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Definition
| HIGH INDEX OF SUSPICION for internal hemorrhage |
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Term
|
Definition
Never shove crap (or organs, for that matter) back into the body cavity.
Keep tissues moist and warm
Cover the site with a large, sterile, moist, bulky dressing |
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Term
|
Definition
| contracting the stomach muscles to minimize the pain of abdominal injuries; a sign of PERITONITIS |
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Term
|
Definition
spitting or coughing up blood
(QUICK DRIVE A STAKE THROUGH THE HEART IT'S A VAMPIRE!!!) |
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Term
|
Definition
| collection of blood in the pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| stomach, intestines, ureter, bladder... etc? |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| fibrous sac surrounding heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, etc? |
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Term
| Signs of TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX |
|
Definition
distended neck veins
tachycardia
hypotension |
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Term
| Muscle work during Ventilation |
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Definition
| contraction of intercostal muscles and diaphragm |
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