Term
| what is the xiphisternal junction? |
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Definition
| level of the dome of the diaphragm |
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Term
| what is the symphysis pubis? |
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Definition
| rectus abdominis distal attachment |
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Term
| what is the pubic tubercle? |
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Definition
| medial attachment inguinal ligament |
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Term
| where is the anterior superior iliac spine and what attaches to it? |
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Definition
| anterior portion of pelvis; lateral attachment of inguinal ligament |
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Term
| what attaches to iliac crest? |
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Definition
| external, internal, and transverse abdominis muscles |
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Term
| what are the costal margins and what attaches there? |
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Definition
| inferior aspect of thoracic cage; diaphragm |
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Term
| what are the 4 regions of the abdominal wall? |
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Definition
| right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant |
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Term
| what are the 2 planes that divide the 4 quadrants? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
| between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet |
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Term
| which cavity continues the abdominal cavity inferiorly? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what covers the abdominal cavity superiorly? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is in the abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
| most digestive organs plus spleen, kidneys, and ureters |
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Term
| where is the pelvic inlet? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the main functions of muscles of the abdominal wall |
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Definition
| move the trunk, help us maintain posture |
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Term
| what are all functions of muscles of abdominal wall? |
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Definition
| move the trunk, maintain posture, protect abdominal viscera, maintain or increase intra-abdominal pressure for various body functions, compress abdominal contents, assist in respiration |
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Term
| what are the muscles of the abdominal wall? |
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Definition
| external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis |
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Term
| describe the external oblique (compare to other abdominal wall muscles, origin, insertion, innervation) |
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Definition
| largest and most superficial abdominal wall muscle; originates from surface of ribs 5-12; inserts into linea alba, pubic tubercle and iliac crest; innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral rami T7-T12) |
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Term
| describe the aponeurosis of the external oblique |
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Definition
| begins at midclavicular line; fibers run inferomedially; contributes to rectus sheath; inferiorly forms the inguinal ligament |
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Term
| describe the internal oblique (compare to other oblique muscles, OIN |
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Definition
| intermediate of the 3 oblique muscles; originates from thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament; inserts into linea alba, inferior border of ribs 10-12, and pubic bone; innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T12) |
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Term
| which muscles are innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerves ventral rami T7-T12? |
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Definition
| external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis |
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Term
| describe the aponeurosis of the internal oblique |
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Definition
| fibers of internal oblique fan out and into aponeurosis at midclavicular line; continue to rectus sheath |
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|
Term
| describe transversus abdominis |
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Definition
| innermost abdominal muscle; fibers course transversomedially; originates from ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, and iliac crest; inserts into linea alba, pubic bone; innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T12 |
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Term
| what does the aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis all contribute to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the neurovascular plane in relation to the abdominal wall muscles? |
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Definition
| between internal oblique and transversus abdominis |
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Term
|
Definition
| O: pubic symphysis and crest; I: xiphoid process and costal cartilage ribs 5-7; N: thoracoabdominal nerves T7-12 |
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Term
| describe rectus abdominis |
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Definition
| long, strap-like muscles separated by the linea alba; enclosed within the rectus sheath; tendinous intersections with the muscles are sites of attachment to the overlying anterior layer of the rectus sheath; wider superiorly than inferiorly |
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|
Term
| what is the rectus sheath |
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Definition
| strong fibrous compartment surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle; formed by the interweaving aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis |
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|
Term
| describe pattern of superior rectus sheath |
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Definition
| 1.5 sheaths on anterior and posterior sides of rectus abdominis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| transition line for rectus sheath; above has 1.5 sheaths on anterior and posterior sides of rectus abdomnis; below has all 3 sheaths anterior to rectus abdominis and only transversalis fascia posterior |
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|
Term
| about where is the arcuate line? |
|
Definition
| 1 inch below belly button |
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|
Term
| describe anterior layer of rectus sheath superior to arcuate line |
|
Definition
| formed by interlaced aponeruosis of external oblique and anterior lamina of internal oblique |
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|
Term
| describe posterior layer of rectus sheath supieror to arcuate line |
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Definition
| formed by interlaced aponeurosis of external oblique and posterior lamina of internal oblique |
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|
Term
| describe rectus sheath inferior to arcuate line |
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Definition
| all 3 aponeurosis converge and course anterior to rectus abdominis |
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Term
| what does the rectus abdominis muscle contact posteriorly inferior to the arcuate line/ |
|
Definition
| transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum |
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Term
| what is the arterial supply to the abdominal wall? |
|
Definition
| superior epigastrics from internal thoracic artery, inferior epigastrics from external iliac artery (the 2 epigastrics anastomose with each other within the rectus abdominis muscle), other branches from femoral, intercostal, musculophrenic, iliac arteries also help vascularize the abdominal wall |
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Term
| what is the basis of the nerves of the abdominal wall? |
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Definition
| ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves (some lumbar) innervate the abdominal wall (T7-L1) |
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|
Term
| nerve roots of thoracoabdominal nerves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve root of subcostal nerve |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| L1 ventral ramus divides into which 2 named nerves? |
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Definition
| iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerve |
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|
Term
| where do the nerves of the abdominal wall course? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the nerves of the abdominal wall |
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Definition
| thoracoabdominal, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal |
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|
Term
| how do the thoracoabdominal nerves innervate the abdominal wall? |
|
Definition
| they emerge from the rib cage region and innervate the anterior and lateral body wall |
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|
Term
| what does the inguinal canal do |
|
Definition
| provide a passageway in the abdominal wall |
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|
Term
| how is the inguinal canal significant in males |
|
Definition
| testes and spermatic cord descend through the canal and into the scrotum |
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|
Term
| what goes through the inguinal canal in women? |
|
Definition
| round ligament of the uterus, on its way to labia majora |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common hernia? (more common in men than in women) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens in an indirect inguinal hernia? |
|
Definition
| viscera (usually small intestine) protrude through inguinal canal and emerge into scrotum |
|
|
Term
| what carried arterial blood from placenta to fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what carried venous blood from baby to placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the medial umbilical ligaments? |
|
Definition
| remnants of the fetal umbilical arteries that sent deoxygenated blood back to placenta |
|
|
Term
| what is the round ligament/ligamentum teres? |
|
Definition
| remnant of the fetal umbilical vein that carried oxygenated blood from placenta to baby |
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|
Term
| what do the 2 medial folds of the abdominal wall cover? |
|
Definition
| medial umbilical ligaments |
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|
Term
| what do the 2 lateral folds of the abdominal wall cover? |
|
Definition
| inferior epigastric vessels |
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|
Term
| what does the falciform ligament cover/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thin continuous serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is the parietal peritoneum? |
|
Definition
| portion of the serous membrane that lines the internal surface wall of the abdominopelvic wall |
|
|
Term
| what is the visceral peritoneum? |
|
Definition
| portion of serous membrane that reflects onto and covers the visera |
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|
Term
| describe afferent innervation of serous peritoneum |
|
Definition
| parietal layer = highly innervated by GSA = very sensitive to pain; visceral layer = innervated by GVA = pretty insensitive to pain |
|
|
Term
| what is the peritoneal cavity? |
|
Definition
| potential space between parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium |
|
|
Term
| what is inside the peritoneal cavity? |
|
Definition
| NO organs, only small amounts of lubricating fluid, WBCs, antibodiess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double layered peritoneum that passes from stomach to other organs |
|
|
Term
| omentums provide a passageway for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is greater omentum? |
|
Definition
| hangs from greater curve of stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects lesser curve of the stomach to liver |
|
|
Term
| why is greater omentum sometimes called the abdominal policeman? |
|
Definition
| it can wrap itself around inflamed/infected organs |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 ligaments of the lesser omentum? |
|
Definition
| hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 important structures within the hepatodudenal |
|
Definition
| portal triad = proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ to the posterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide a means for neurovascular structures to enter/leave an organ; allows arteries from abdominal aorta to vascularize organs |
|
|
Term
| what is the transverse mesocolon? |
|
Definition
| mesentery of the transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| what structure separates the right and left lobes of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the pancreas do? |
|
Definition
| produces digestive enzymes which drain into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct |
|
|
Term
| which part of the small intestines hugs the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the large duct in the middle of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are intraperitoneal organs? |
|
Definition
| organs that are essentially covered with visceral peritoneum = liver, stomach, spleen, and most of small and large intestines |
|
|
Term
| what are retroperitoneal organs? |
|
Definition
| organs/structures that are located posterior to the parietal layer of peritoneum (kidneys, aorta, inferior vena cava) |
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