Term
| Effects of child sexual abuse on children |
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Definition
• Mood disturbance
• Decreased trust
• Increased withdrawal
• Regression
• Decreased productivity |
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Term
| Victims of child molestation are most often diagnosed with |
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Definition
• PTSD
• Depression
• Borderline personality disorder
• DID |
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Term
| Problems in prevention of sex crimes |
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Definition
• Underreporting
• Low arrest and conviction rates
• Even lower rates of incarceration |
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Term
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Definition
• Unusual or atypical patterns of sexual attraction that involve sexual arousal in response to atypical stimuli
• May not be associated with disturbing or distressing consequences to oneself or others, and so are not classified as mental disorders |
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Term
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Definition
• Involves strong, recurrent sexual arousal to atypical stimuli as evidenced by fantasies, urges, or behaviors for 6 months or longer
• Includes nonhuman objects, humiliation/pain, or nonconsenting persons
• Personal distress, impaired functioning, or behaviors in which satisfaction of sexual urge involves harm (or risk of harm) to others
• Some cannot become sexually aroused unless these stimuli are used |
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Term
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Definition
• Exhibitionism
• Fetishism
• Transvestism
• Voyeurism
• Frotteurism
• Pedophilia
• Sexual masochism
• Sexual sadism |
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Term
| Less common types of paraphilias |
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Definition
• Telephone scatolgia
• Necrophilia
• Partialism
• Zoophilia
• Coprophilia
• Klismaphilia
• Urophilia |
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Term
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Definition
• Characterized by strong and recurrent urges, fantasies, or behaviors of exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting individuals for the purpose of sexual arousal
• Seeks to surprise, shock, or sexually arouse the victim
• Tend to be shy, lonely, dependent, and lack interpersonal skills |
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Term
| Prevalence of exhibitionism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Characterized by strong and recurrent urges or fantasies, involving inanimate objects
• Touch, smell, or wear while masturbating or during sex
• Collect/hoard items |
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Term
| Most common types of fetishism |
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Definition
• Women's underwear
• Women's shoes |
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Term
| Behaviorist theory and approach to treatment of fetishism |
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Definition
• Learned through classical conditioning when a child
• Aversion therapy (electric shock)
• Covert sensitization (imagine fetish, masturbate, before climax introduce aversive stimuli) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Characterized by strong and recurrent urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which they become sexually aroused by cross-dressing |
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Term
| Prevalence of transvestism (not %) |
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Definition
| Usually found among heterosexual men |
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Term
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Definition
• Characterized by strong and recurrent urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which they become sexually aroused by watching unsuspecting people (generally strangers) who are naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity
• Does not typically seek sexual activity with the person being observed, but becomes sexually aroused by the act of watching |
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Term
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Definition
• Characterized by strong and recurrent urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which they become sexually aroused by rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person
• Often occurs in crowded places |
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Term
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Definition
• Recurrent and powerful urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving sexual activity with children
• Person must be at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than the child |
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Term
| Do all child molesters have a paraphilic disorder? |
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Definition
| No, only when sexual attraction to prepubescent children is equal or greater than sexual attraction to mature individuals |
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Term
| Suicide and child sexual abuse |
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Definition
| People with history of child sexual abuse were between 6-10 times more likely to engage in suicidal behavior in adulthood |
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Term
| The one globally "wrong" paraphilia |
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Definition
• Pedophilia
• Even if they haven't acted on urge or cause no personal distress, it still counts as a disorder |
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Term
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Definition
• Involves strong and recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which the person becomes sexually aroused by being humiliated, bound, or made to suffer
• Urges either acted on or cause significant personal distress |
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Term
| Most dangerous expression of sexual masochism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Participants become sexually aroused by being deprived of oxygen
• Usually accompanied by fantasies of asphyxiating or being asphyxiated by lover
• Generally discontinue it before lose consciousness, but some deaths occur |
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Term
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Definition
• Involves strong and recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which the person becomes sexually aroused by inflicting physical or psychological suffering/humiliation on another person
• Flip side of sexual masochism |
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Term
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Definition
• Refers to a practice of mutually gratifying sexual interactions involving both sadistic and masochistic acts
• “Master and slave”
• Clinical diagnosis only brought about when these sexual behaviors cause personal distress, negatively impact person’s ability to function, or caused harm to others
• Many people have occasional sadistic/masochistic fantasies or engage in sex play in mild forms of sadomasochism with their partners |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal through making obscene phone calls |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual urges/fantasies involving contact with corpses |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal through a sole focus on part of body (i.e. breasts) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual urges/fantasies involving contact with animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal associated with feces |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal associated with enemas |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal associated with urine |
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Term
| Psychodynamic perspective on paraphilias |
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Definition
• Many of the paraphilias are defenses against leftover castration anxiety from the phallic period
• May represent a temporary escape from ordinary selfhood |
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Term
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Definition
• The unconscious fear that the father will retaliate by removing the organ
• Motivates the boy to give up his incestuous yearnings for mother and identify with the aggressor (father)
• Unconscious mind equates disappearance of the penis during genital intercourse with the risk of castration
• Left-over castration anxiety prompts the man to displace his sexual arousal onto “safer” sexual activities, such as having sex with women’s undergarments |
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Term
| Learning perspective on paraphilias |
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Definition
• Explain in terms of conditioning and observational learning
• Activity becomes inadvertently associated with sexual arousal. Activity then gains the capacity to elicit sexual arousal.
• Orgasm in the presence of the object reinforces the erotic connection
• The meaning of the stimulus plays a primary role
• Family relationships may play a role |
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Term
| Biological perspective on paraphilias |
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Definition
• Higher-than-average sex drives in men with paraphilias, as evidenced by a higher frequency of sexual urges and a shorter refractory period after orgasm by masturbation
• Abnormal brain functioning in brain circuits that respond to sexual stimuli
• Disturbances in brain networks involved in sexual arousal may increase susceptibility to pedophilia or perhaps in men with a history of childhood abuse |
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Term
| Hypersexual arousal disorder |
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Definition
• Refers to heightened sex drive that may apply to some cases of paraphilias
• Repeated difficulty controlling urges to engage in illegal or maladaptive behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
• Differences between paraphilic men and male control subjects in brain wave patterns in response to paraphilic images/control images
• Brain responds differently to different types of sexual stimuli in paraphilics
• 100% accuracy in distinguishing men with pedophilia from men without as measured by fMRI to images to nude children vs. nude women |
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Term
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Definition
• Research by John Money
• Childhood experiences etch a pattern in the brain
• Determines the types of stimuli and activities that become sexually arousing
• In paraphilias, lovemaps may become distorted or vandalized by early traumatic experiences |
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Term
| Problem with treatment for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
• Many people who engage in these behaviors are generally not motivated to change
• Usually receive treatment in prison or are referred to a treatment provider by the courts
• Treatment may be futile when clients lack the motivation to change their behavior |
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Term
| Psychoanalysis treatment for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
| Attempt to bring childhood sexual conflicts into awareness so they can be resolved in light of the individual’s adult personality |
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Term
| Types of CBT treatment for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
• Aversive conditioning
• Covert sensitization
• Social Skill Training |
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Term
| Aversive conditioning for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
• Goal is to induce a negative emotional response to unacceptable stimuli or fantasies
• Can reduced sexual arousal in response to children as stimuli
• Questions remain about how lasting the effects may be |
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Term
| Covert sensitization for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
• A variation of aversion therapy in which paraphilic fantasies are paired with aversive stimuli in imagination
• Benefits were maintains for many men with exhibitionism but few with pedophilia |
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Term
| Social Skill Training for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
| • Helps the individual improve his ability to develop and maintain relationships with adult partners |
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Term
| Biomedical Therapies for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
• No magic pill or other medical cure
• Progress is reported in treating exhibitionism, voyeurism, and fetishism with SSRI depressants
• May fall within an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of behaviors
• Antiandrogen drugs |
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Term
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Definition
• Reduce levels of testosterone in the bloodstream
• Can reduce sexual urges when used in combination with psychological treatment
• Do not completely eliminate paraphilic urges, nor do they change the types of erotic stimuli to which the client is attracted |
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Term
| Best treatment for pedophilia or serial rapists |
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Definition
• Incarceration
• High relapse rate |
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Term
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Definition
• CA first to pass
• Force criminal to take antiandrogens
• Compulsion continues |
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Term
| Antidepressants for paraphilic disorders |
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Definition
• SSRIs and SNRIs
• Help compulsion behaviors
• Works best for any pedophile or serial rapist who also has depression or anxiety |
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