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Definition
a physical disk inside a hard drive that stores the data. there are multiple platters in a hard drive and are writable on each side. they start with side 0 and count up.
data is saved on them via side 1, sector 2, track 4. |
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Definition
References to all tracks at that location on all platters.
Ex, Cylinder 4 means all track 4's on all platters. |
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Definition
how long it takes to move the read/write heads to the desired track.
calculated average time in milliseconds. |
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Definition
how long it takes for the appropriate sector to move under the read/write head
measured in milliseconds |
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Definition
overall speed of disk.
Combo of seek time and latency.
Lower access time the better |
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Definition
| how fast the platters spin, measured in RPMs. |
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Definition
first sector on the first track of the first side of the first platter.
Holds the OS boot code and drive characteristics |
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| *Logical Block Addressing (LBA) |
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Definition
perform sector translation
developed by Western Digital
recognizes larger drives up to 2.1 GBs |
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Term
| *extended Cylinder/Head/Sector (ECHS) |
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Definition
performs sector translation
dev'd by Seagate.
recognizes larger drives up to 2.1 GBs |
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Term
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Definition
hard drive controller lying to the BIOS about the drive geometry
necessary because early BIOS chips would not recognize the larger hard drives |
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Term
| *Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) |
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Definition
have controllers integrated into the drives. Controllers translate data to/from the CPU to the hard drive.
*limitation: only 2 devices could be connected in a chain. |
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Term
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Definition
faster transfer rate and allows 4 devices in a chain. gave option to add CD-ROM and Zip drives.
supports drives over 200 GBs |
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Term
| Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) standard |
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Definition
two IDE drives with a master/slave relationship where master gives and receives commands and info for slave.
aka ATA-1 standard |
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Term
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Definition
| motherboards with 2 controllers (40-pin connection points) allowed up to 4 EIDE devices to be used. |
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Term
| *Ultra DMA, *PIO mode, *Ultra DMA transfer rates |
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Definition
*Ultra Direct Memory Access that uses an 80-wire ribbon
Programmed Input/Output mode.
*- protocol that determines the transfer rate of the drive
*transfer rates of Ultra DMA range from 11.1 MBps-133MBps |
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Term
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Definition
| most hard drives have a jumper that you can utilize to designate it as master or slave |
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Term
| *Small Computer System Interface(SCSI) |
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Definition
a hard drive with it's own 'brain', SCSI adapter, aka SCSI card/controller.
requires an expansion card to be utilized
*supports a daisy chain of 8 devices. If the exam asks how many devices can be ATTACHED, it is 7. If the exam asks how many devices EXIST, its 8 |
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Term
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Definition
internal: 50-wire ribbon cable
external: thick Centrionics 50 or Centrionics 68 wires. |
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Term
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Definition
original version of SCSI with a *transfer rate of 5MBps.
not limited to 2 devices in a chain, up to 8 with the controller as 1 |
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*Types of SCSI:
Fast SCSI-2 |
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Definition
| *doubled transfer rate up to 10MBps. supports 8 chain |
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*Types of SCSI:
Wide SCSI-2 |
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Definition
doubled the data path to 16bits.
*transfer rate of 10MBps but supported a 16 chain |
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Term
*Types of SCSI:
Fast Wide SCSI-2 |
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Definition
16-bit data path
transfer 20MBps
16-devices |
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*Types of SCSI:
Ultra SCSI |
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Definition
8-bit data path
Transfer 20MBps
8-devices |
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*Types of SCSI:
Ultra Wide SCSI |
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Definition
16-bit data path
transfer 40MBps
16-devices |
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Term
*Types of SCSI:
LVD (Ultra2 SCSI) |
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Definition
Low Voltage Differential
16-bit data path
transfer 80MBps
16-devices |
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Term
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Definition
must have termination points on the first and last device.
Most devices now do this automatically |
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Term
| Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) |
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Definition
no need for master/slave designations.
only 7 wires
hot-swappable
SATA v1: 150 MBps
SATA v2: 300MBps
SATA v3: 600MBps |
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Term
| write once read many (WORM) |
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Definition
CDR is a WORM
a CDRW has a speed displayed as 4x4x24 = write speed, rewrite speed, read speed |
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Term
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Definition
-EIDE devices are slower than SCSI and SATA and only support 4 devices, with 2 devices per EIDE chain
- EIDE devices must be designated as master/slave
- SCSI need a host adapter and unique IDs with the SCSI bus terminated at both ends
- SATA drives are faster than EIDE and support hot-swapping. Each SATA port on motherboard supports connecting a single SATA drive.
- CD-ROMs store 700MB, DVDs store 4.7-8.5GBs, Blu-ray stores 25-50GBs
- an 8x DVD can transfer data at 10.80 MBps; 8x Blu-ray transfers 36MBps |
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