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| the basic units of structure and function in living things |
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| An instrument that can make small objects look larger most of the time by use of a lens. |
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The observations of scientists that has led to a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. It states:
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells are produced from other cells. |
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| The stiff outer layer that protects a plant cell and gives it shape. |
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| The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds. |
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| The measure of the amount of matter in an object. |
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| The amount of space an object takes up. |
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| what all materials are made of; anything that has weight and volume |
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the heaviness of somebody or something
caused by the force of gravity |
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| The force that pulls everything toward the center of Earth. |
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| The smallest unit of a pure substance that still has the properties of that substance. |
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| A pure substance that is made up of only one kind of atom. |
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| The smallest physical unit of a substance that can exist independently, consisting of one or more atoms held together by chemical forces. |
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| A substance formed of the atoms of two or more elements. |
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| A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined with each other. |
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| matter of a particular type (elements, compounds, mixtures) |
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not mixed with any other substance;
free from contamination: clean and free from impurities |
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| existing in the real material world |
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| The ability to cause changes in matter; the ability to do work. |
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| The energy that exists due to the position or condition of an object; stored energy. |
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| The energy possessed by a body because of its motion. |
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| The energy that a person can hear that travels in vibrating waves through the air that we breathe. |
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| A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature |
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| The energy that holds protons and neutrons together in an atom's nucleus; the energy released by a fusion or fission reaction. |
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| energy can change from but cannot be created or destroyed |
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| a device that converts the energy of sunlight (light energy) into electrical energy |
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| The kinetic energy of moving particles of a substance or object. |
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| a form of energy that is reflected or emitted from objects in the form of electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space |
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| the movement of energy from one place to another; current electricity |
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| a measurement of usable energy after an energy conversion; the ratio of usable energy to the total energy after an energy conversion |
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| a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
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| The transfer of energy from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature. |
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| an instrument for measuring temperature |
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| a gap between adjacent parts or surfaces allowing surfaces to expand to prevent buckling when they expand under heat |
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| the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree |
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| the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water by 1º C. |
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| the transfer of heat or thermal energy as waves through space |
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| the passage of energy through something, particularly heat or electricity |
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| a unicellular organism lacking a true nucleus and nuclear membrane |
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| a single-celled, often parasitic microorganism without distinct nuclei or organized cell structures. |
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| The specific organization of a cell and its structure that allows it to perform a specific function. |
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| a group of cells similar in structure and joined together to perform a common function; four basic types are muscle, connective, nerve, and epidermal. |
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| A complete and independent part of a plant or animal that has a specific function. |
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| organs that work together to perform certain functions |
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Entire living thing made up of one or more cells that carries out all the basic life functions.
5 |
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| Nucleic acid that stores the information needed to build proteins and carries genetic information about an organism; present in all cellular organisms. |
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| The process by which a gene undergoes a change in DNA sequence or a structural change. |
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| A kind of organelle in plant cells that contains chlorophyll, which enables the plant to make its own food (photosynthesis) |
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| A large, round sac in the cytoplasm of a cell in which water, food, enzymes and other materials are stored. |
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| Thin, flexible protoplasm that forms The outer covering of an animal cell and inside the cell wall of a plant cell. |
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| A small part in a plant and animal cell that break down sugar to produce energy. |
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| The stiff outer layer that protects a plant cell and gives it shape. |
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| A watery, jellylike substance that fills a cell and contains the other cell parts. |
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| The parts that make up a cell. |
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| The daughter cell produced by the parent cell. |
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| The genetic makeup of an organism, as opposed to its physical characteristics ; a brown-eyed person (phenotype) may have a genotype for a recessive blue-eyed gene (Bb). |
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The appearance or other observable characteristic of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genetic makeup and its environment.
11 phenotypes |
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| Any of two or more alternate forms of a gene that an organism may have for a particular trait. |
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| A proportional relationship between two different numbers. |
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| A checkerboard-type diagram used to find the possible combinations of factors in the offspring of two parents. |
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| Rod-like object found in the nucleus that directs the activities of the cell and passes on the traits of the cell to new cells. |
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| A factor that will determine whether a trait is shown |
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| A factor not shown when one of a pair is dominant. |
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| The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. |
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| The likelihood that an event will occur, expressed as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. |
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| The process in which a sperm cell joins with an egg cell to produce a new organism. |
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| The process of cell division that produces new body cells with complete sets of chromosomes. |
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| A form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in a male and female sex cell as they form. |
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| A specific part of a chromosome or sequence of DNA that determines a particular feature or characteristic in an organism. |
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| A reproductive process in which a new cell is formed from a tiny bud, for example yeast. |
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| A form of asexual reproduction for prokaryotic cells such as bacteria. |
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| The form of reproduction in which a new organism is produced without the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell. |
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| The form of reproduction by the joining of a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell. |
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| T DNA that is present in all living cells and contains the information needed for a cell’s growth, maintenance, and reproduction. |
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| It is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). |
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| The period during which a cell is not actively dividing, when other activities such as DNA synthesis take place. |
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| The second stage of cell division, during which chromosomes line up in preparation for separation. |
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| The first phase in cell division, when chromosomes condense and can be seen as two chromatids. |
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| The final stage of cell division, in which daughter cell nuclei form around chromosomes at opposite ends of the dividing mother cell. |
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| A late stage of cell division during which chromosomes move to the poles of the spindle. |
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| Plankton that is made up of microscopic animals such as protozoans. |
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| Very small free-floating plants, e.g. one-celled algae, found in plankton. |
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| The area between the high-tide mark and the low-tide mark. |
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| This zone can be found from the ocean's surface down to a depth of about 400 meters. |
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| The most typical place in our oceans, though it is a place that few creatures, especially humans, ever see or experience. It can be found starting at depths of about 800 meters below the surface. This zone extends all the way down to the ocean floor. |
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| A fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. |
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| A land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on characteristics that distinguish it as a distinct ecosystem. |
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| Coastal wetlands rich in marine life. They are sometimes called tidal marshes, because they occur in the zone between low and high tides. |
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| A place where a freshwater environment and a saltwater environment meet. |
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| The act whereby fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size. |
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The regular rising and falling of the oceans caused by the moon’s gravit
ational pull on the Earth. |
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| The highest point of a wave. |
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| The difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide. |
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| A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid. |
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| The lowest point of a wave. |
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| The measurement of the distance between the crests and troughs in a series of waves. |
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| Underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted living creatures. |
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| The difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighbouring trough of a surface wave. |
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| The controlled use and/or maintenance of natural resources; various efforts to preserve or protect natural resources. |
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| A small-scale sewage treatment system common in areas with no connection to main sewage pipes. |
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| The treatment and disposal of human waste. |
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| A single, identifiable pollution source. |
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| Pollution that comes from many different sources, such as industries, homes,and farms. |
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| An extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply whether surface or underground water. |
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