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Acids and Bases
Modern Chemistery - Chapter Fifteen
22
Chemistry
10th Grade
03/27/2006

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Term
Alkaline
Definition
Term used to describe when a base completely dissociates in water to yield aqueous OH ions
Term
Arrhenius acid
Definition
A chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution
Term
Arrhenius base
Definition
A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Term
Binary acid
Definition
An acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more-electronegative elements
Term
Oxyacid
Definition
An acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal
Term
Strong acid
Definition
Acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution
Term
Weak acids
Definition
Acids that are weak electrolytes
Term
Amphoteric
Definition
Any species that can react as either an acid or a base
Term
Bronsted-Lowry acid
Definition
A molecule or ion that is a proton donor
Term
Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction
Definition
Protons are transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base)
Term
Bronsted-Lowry base
Definition
A molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor
Term
Conjugate acid
Definition
The species that is formed when a Bronsted-Lowry base gains a proton
Term
Conjugate base
Definition
The species that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton
Term
Diprotic acid
Definition
Can donate two protons per molecule
Term
Monoprotic acid
Definition
An acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule
Term
Polyprotic acid
Definition
An acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule
Term
Triprotic acid
Definition
An acid able to donate three protons per molecule
Term
Lewis acid
Definition
An atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond
Term
Lewis acid-base reaction
Definition
The formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor
Term
Lewis base
Definition
An atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond
Term
Neutralization
Definition
The reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules
Term
Salt
Definition
An ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid
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