Term
| PH interventions start with _________________ and ___________________ the problem. |
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Definition
| Identifying and framing the problem |
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Term
| Two types of preventative interventions: |
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Definition
1. Clinical interventions
2. Community interventions |
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Term
| What types of forms can interventions take place as? |
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Definition
-Statutes
-Regulations
-Policies and operational programs/services intended to improve health status |
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Term
| Programs are a ______________________________________________ that are coordinated an effort to achieve a common _____________________. |
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Definition
| Collection of processes, objectives |
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Term
| Programs and services can be described in terms of their: |
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Definition
1. Intervention strategy
2. Level of prevention
3. Practice domain
4. Target population |
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Term
| What 6 categories of programs reprsents what PH seeks to do? |
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Definition
1. Prevent epidemics
2. Protect the envio, workplace, housing, food & water
3. Prevent injuries
4. Promote positive health behaviors
5. Preparedness and respond to disasters
6. Ensure the quality, accessibility, and accountability of health services |
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Term
| What are the key questions in determining the effectiveness of specific clinical preventative services: |
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Definition
-How important is the target condition (frequency and severity)?
-How important is the risk factor?
-How accurately can the risk factor or target pop be identified?
-Is the preventative service effective?
-Do the benefits of implementation outweigh the costs? |
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Term
| What are some reasons why many clinical preventative interventions are underutlized? |
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Definition
-Lack of payment
-Provider education and practice patterns
-Fragmented US system
-Proliferation of recommendations that has created uncertainty about use |
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Term
| What are the three general areas that community preventative services focus on: |
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Definition
1. Changing Risk Behaviors
2. Reducing disease, injuries, and impairment
3. Addressing environmental and ecosystem challenges |
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Term
| What has the variation of what PH agencies focus on led to? |
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Definition
| EVIDENCE BASED PH PRACTICE GUIDELINES |
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Term
| What is inlcuded in the framework for enhancing evidence based PH: |
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Definition
1. develop a statement of the issue
2. review of scientific lit to determine what is known about issue
3. define and quantify the issue
4. develop program and/or policy options
5. develop a plan of action for implentation
6. evaluate the program or policy for effectiveness and revise as needed |
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Term
| _________________ and _________________ are the primary criteria for evaluating program interventions. |
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Definition
-Effectiveness
-Efficiency |
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Term
| Effective management requires a ______________________ and __________________________. |
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Definition
-Problem statement
-Logic model (set of theoretical link/assumptions related to a program and its determinates --causation chain) |
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Term
| Program management revolves around the processes of __________________ and ______________ of resources. |
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Definition
| Processes of allocation and utilization of resources |
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Term
| What are two sins of PH program management? |
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Definition
-failing to achieve program objectives when adequate resources are available
-Utilizing more resources than are necessary to achieve a program's objectives |
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Term
| What are the three phases of the management cycle? |
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Definition
1. Planning
2. Implementation
3. Evaluation |
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Term
| Program management revolves around the development of what? |
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Definition
| Dynamic objectives (focus the work process) |
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Term
| Planning and evaluation and ________________ and __________________.....what required adoption |
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Definition
Linked and cylindrical
-changing internal and external circumstances require adoption |
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Term
| What are 5 key questions to guide program managers? |
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Definition
-Where are we?
-Where do we want to be?
-Should we do something?
-What should we do?
-How do we know that we are getting there? |
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Term
| What is the first thing to answering 'where are we' |
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Definition
Define the problem
---BASIS OF CURRENT AND FUTURE ASSESSMENT |
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Term
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Definition
| -identify desired outcome objective and compare where we aare |
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Term
|
Definition
-maintain current efforts?
-discontinue current efforts?
-implement new interventions |
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Term
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Definition
| -Analyze for determinate and contributing risk factors (direct vs. indirect risk factors) |
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Term
| How do we know that we are getting there? |
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Definition
| Measuring and comparing intended and actual results |
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Term
| What is included in the multi level program evaluation? |
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Definition
| Outcome objective (change in level of health prob in comm) >> impact objective (change in determinates of health prob)>>> process objectives (change in contributing factors for determinantes) >>>> activity measured (performance of specific tasks |
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Term
| What is critical to actions? |
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Definition
| The capacity ---resources, authority, etc |
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Term
| What type of hypothesis is an intervention strategy? |
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Definition
| Causal hypothesis--logic model |
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Term
| What are the philosophical considerations faced in developing PH interventions? |
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Definition
---market--autonomy of individuals takes precedence over consequences of actions to a population
--social-well being of the pop takes precedent over the interest of individuals |
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Term
|
Definition
| Utilitarian tradition----greatest good for greatest number of ppl |
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Term
| What are the 2 diff views as to gov't proper role regarding health care services? |
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Definition
1. View of health care services as a commodity (item that can be bought and sold)
2. View of health care services as part of the infrastructure of the notion |
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Term
| What must PH interventions deal with regarding different groups in the pop? |
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Definition
| Differences in beliefs and values of diff groups |
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Term
| What must PH interventions address? |
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Definition
| inequities among population groups as they relate to health status |
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Term
| How is population health associated with non-health factors? |
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Definition
| Social enviros have strong impact on individual behaviors which affect their health risks/status |
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Term
| 4 types of policy initiatives to address health inequalities: |
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Definition
1. strengthening individuals
2. Stregthening communities
3. Improving access to essential facilities and services
4. Encouraging macro economic and cultural changes |
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Term
| 3 considerations for communications in PH: |
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Definition
1. The communication strategies
2. The reasons for communication
3. The channels of communication |
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Term
| Communication strategies---who must ph admins communicate with |
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Definition
-public
-policy makers
-other involved stakeholders |
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Term
| What does the choice of a particular channel depend on? |
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Definition
| Content and most effective means of reaching the target audience |
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Term
| 3 primary PH constituencies for managers: |
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Definition
1. communities services
2. involved policy makers
3. stakeholders within the org. |
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Term
| How do you PH agencies communicate with the communities serviced? |
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Definition
- clear on reason for comm
-can be entire comm or segments
-can take several forms |
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Term
| What is important in communicating with policy makers? |
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Definition
| becoming a trusted source of PH info |
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Term
| What is important in media relations and PH management? |
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Definition
| CAREFUL CHOICE OF LANGUAGE |
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Term
| What is key in PH marketing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the point of social marketing? |
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Definition
| influence voluntary behavior of the target audience and change the social norm |
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Term
| 2 marketing efforts in PH" |
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Definition
1. downstream--influence changes in behaviors of individuals
2. upstream-making changes in policy that impact health behaviors |
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Term
| 4 key principles of marketing: |
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Definition
1. know the consumer
2. create products consumers want or need
3. find ways to get the products/services to consumers
4. a committment to changing /adopting the products or services to consumers needs/desires |
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Term
| What can provide the basis for health planning and marketing strategies? |
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Definition
| Systematic community health assessment process |
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Term
| What must you have a thorough understanding of for key strategic considerations? |
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Definition
-prob to be addressed
-audience to be reaches
-desired aciton to be taken
-enviro in which action will take place |
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Term
|
Definition
1. product
2. price
3. place
4. promotion |
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Term
|
Definition
| products and services the organization offers |
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Term
| Marketing distinguished by its focus on: |
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Definition
-exchange relationships
-beavior changes--- get people to take action ---- must seem 'doable'
-competition
-comsumer orientation and audience segmentation
-formative and process eval |
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Term
| What does social media marketing provide? |
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Definition
opportunities for interactivity between the marketer and the recipient/audience
--facebook,etc |
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Term
| Who are the stakeholders in PH constituency? |
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Definition
| -supporters and/or clientelle |
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