Term
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Definition
| quick way to achieve intimacy; vulnerability |
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Term
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Definition
| necessary for balanced self-disclosure |
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Term
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Definition
| the psychosocial domain concerning the formation, maintenaince, and termination of close relationships |
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Term
| 10-what pushes intimacy to the forefront? |
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Definition
| physical changes, cognition, social changes |
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Term
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Definition
| a strong, enduring, persistent emotional bond assists with developing intimacy w/others |
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Term
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Definition
| the strong affectional bond that develops b/w an infant and caregiver |
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Term
| 10-Adult Attachment Interview |
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Definition
| a structured interview used to assess an individual's past attachment history and "internal working model" of relationships |
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Term
| 10-internal working model |
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Definition
| determines to a large measure whether we feel trusting or apprehensive in relations w/others and whether we see ourselves worthy of others' affections |
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Term
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Definition
| when a relationship is close on the surface, but deeper it is more shallow/superficial |
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Term
| 10-anxious-resistant attachment |
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Definition
| an insecure attachment b/w infant and caregiver, characterized by distress at separation and anger at reunion |
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Term
| 10-anxious-avoidant attachment |
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Definition
| an insecure attachment b/w infant and caregiver, characterized by indifference on the part of the infant toward the caregiver |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Erikson, the normative crisis characteristic of the sixth psychosocial stage of development, predominant during young adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Sullivan, the chief interpersonal need of preadolescence |
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Term
| 10-need for sexual contact and for intimacy w/ a peer of the other sex |
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Definition
| according to Sullivan, the chief interpersonal needs of early adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
| a research procedure in which raters make their evaluations by determining how characteristic each of several descriptors is of the person or thing being evaluated |
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Term
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Definition
| a healthy attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by trust |
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Term
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Definition
| gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which one receives emotional or instrumental assistance from one's social network |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome--a disease transferred by bodily fluids that devastates the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among males than among females following puberty |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual behavior that is experienced alone, such as masturbation or sexual fantasizing |
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Term
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Definition
| being forced by a date to have sex against one's own will |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes but in higher levels among females than among males following puberty |
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Term
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Definition
| the asepcts of one's sense of self that concern one's masculinity and femininity |
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Term
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Definition
| a field of inquiry that focuses on the study of development and behavior in context |
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Term
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Definition
| in males, ejaculations that occur while asleep, sometimes referred to as "wet dreams" |
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Term
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Definition
| societies in which sexual activity during childhood and adolescence is not greatly restrained |
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Term
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Definition
| societies in which adolescents are pressured to refrain from sexual activity until they have married or undergone a formal rite of passage into adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| factors that increase individual vulnerability to harm |
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Term
| 11-semi-restrictive societies |
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Definition
| societies in which pressures against adol. sexual activit exist but are not vigilantly enforced |
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Term
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Definition
| having a series of relationships over time in which one is monogamous w/in each relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that is consistent with prevailing expectations for how individuals of a given sex are to behave |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's orientation toward same or opposite sex partners |
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Term
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Definition
| the process thru which adols are exposed to and educated about sexuality |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes but in higher levels among males than females |
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Term
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Definition
| achievement that is measured by standardized tests of scholastic ability or knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| the psychosocial domain concerning behaviors and feelings in evaluative situations |
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Term
| 12-achievement attributions |
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Definition
| the beliefs one holds about the causes of one's sucessess and failures |
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Term
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Definition
| According to Super, the stage during which individuals, typically b/w the ages of 14 and 18, first begin to formulate their ideas about appropriate occupations |
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Term
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Definition
| the resources provided within a family thru the exposure of the adol. to art, music, literature, and other elements of "high culture" |
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Term
| 12-educational attainment |
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Definition
| the # of years of schooling completed by an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| motivation based on the rewards one will receive for successful performance |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of the consequences of failing in achievement situations |
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Term
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Definition
| motivation based on the pleasure one will experience from mastering a task |
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Term
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Definition
| the acquired belief that one is not able to influence events thru one's own efforts or actions |
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Term
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Definition
| in a research study, a factor presumed to form an intervening link b/w 2 variables that are casually connected |
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Term
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Definition
| a need that influences the extent to which an individual strives for success in evaluative situations |
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Term
| 12-occupational attainment |
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Definition
| a measure of achievement based on the status or prestige of the job an individual holds |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of achievement based on an individual's grades in schools |
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Term
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Definition
| a personality inventory developed by Holland and used to help individuals better understand their vocational interests |
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Term
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Definition
| the interpersonal resources available to an adol or family |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice of promoting students from one grade to the next automatically, regardless of their school performance |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Super, the stage during which individuals, typically b/w the ages of 18 and 21, first begin to consider narrowly defined occupational pursuits |
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Term
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Definition
| the harmful effect that exposure to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance |
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Term
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Definition
| normative and nonnormative events presumed to increase individuals' susceptibility to psychological distress |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals whose actual school performance is lower than what would be expected on the basis of objective measures of their aptitude or intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
| the particular sorts of rewards one looks for in a job (extrinsic, intrinsice, social, altruistic) |
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Term
| 13-adolescence limited offenders |
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Definition
| antisocial adols. whose delinquent or violent behavior begins and ends during adol. (contrast w/ life-course persistent offenders) |
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Term
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Definition
| outbreaks of suicides, in which an unusually high # of suicides occur within a limited time period or small geographic area |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychological disturbance characterized by low self-esteem, decreased motivation, sadness, and difficulty finding pleasure in formerly enjoyable activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the branch of medicine devoted to the study of how health problems are spread and distributed within communities |
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Term
| 13-externalizing disorders |
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Definition
| psychosocial problems that are manifested in a turning of the symptoms outward, as in agression or delinquency |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that, when used over time, lead to the use of other, more dangerous substances |
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Term
| 13-hostile attributional bias |
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Definition
| the tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions w/others as deliberatly hostile |
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Term
| 13-internalizing disorders |
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Definition
| psychosocial problems that are manifested in a turning of the symptoms inward, as in depression or anxiety |
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Term
| 13-life-course persistent offendersq |
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Definition
| individuals who begin demonstrating antisocial or aggressive behavior during childhood and continue their antisocial behavior thru adolescence and into adulthood (contrast w/ adol. limited offenders) |
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Term
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Definition
| a presumed underlying cause of internalizing disorders, characterized by high levels of subjective distress |
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Term
| 13-primary control strategies |
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Definition
| coping strategies in which one attempts to change the stressor |
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Term
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Definition
| an approach to health promotion that emphasizes teaching all adolescents certain behaviors, values, and information |
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Term
| 13-problem behavior theory |
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Definition
| a theory that suggests that the covariation among various types of externalizing disorders results from an underlying trait of unconventionality |
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Term
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Definition
| factors that lessen individual vulnerability to harm |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the individual to contine to function competently in the face of adversity or stress |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that is pursued simply b/c it is risky; risk taking is thought to be linked to adol. problem behavior |
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Term
| 13-secondary control strategies |
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Definition
| coping strategies that involve attempts by the individual to adapt to the stressor |
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Term
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Definition
| an approach to health promotion that is aimed specifically at adols who are believed to be at high risk for a particular disease or disturbance |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to society's main institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| violations of the laws that pertain to minors but not to adults |
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Term
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Definition
| the misuse of drugs or alcohol |
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