Term
|
Definition
| to profitably satisfy the needs of humans for food, clothing, emotional well-being, shelter, fuel, etc. |
|
|
Term
| The biological study of livestock includes |
|
Definition
| nutrion and metabolism, genetics and selection, reproduction and physiology, growth and development, production and management, and the end product |
|
|
Term
| Cattle (bovine) classification |
|
Definition
| animalia, chordata, mammalia, atrodactyla, bovidae, bos, taurus/indicus |
|
|
Term
| Sheep (ovine) classification |
|
Definition
| animalia, chordata, mammalia, atrodactyla, bovidae, ovis, aries |
|
|
Term
| Swine (porcine) classification |
|
Definition
| animalia, chordata, mammalia, artrodactyla, suidae, sus, scrofa domesticus |
|
|
Term
| Horse (equine) classification |
|
Definition
| animalia, chordata, mammalia, perissodactyla, equidae, equus, caballus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia, chordata, aves, galliformes, phasinanidae, gallus, domesticus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia, chordata, mammalia, atrodactyla, bovidae, capra, hiries |
|
|
Term
| What is a young, intact male cow called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, castrated male cow called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a bull calf become a bull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, intact male cow called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, castrated male cow called? |
|
Definition
stag if it is castrated as an adult
steer if it was castrated young |
|
|
Term
| What is a young, intact male pig called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, castrated male pig called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a boar pig become a boar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, intact male pig called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, castrated male pig called? |
|
Definition
stag if it is castrated as an adult
barrow if castrated young |
|
|
Term
| What is a young, intact male sheep called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, castrated male sheep called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, intact male sheep called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, castrated male sheep called? |
|
Definition
stag if castrated as an adult
wether if castrated young |
|
|
Term
| When does a ram lamb become a ram? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, intact male horse called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, castrated male horse called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, intact male horse called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, castrated male horse called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a colt become a stallion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, intact male goat called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, castrated male goat called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, intact male goat called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, castrated male goat called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a young buck mature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, intact male chicken called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, castrated male chicken called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, intact male chicken called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a chick become a rooster? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, female cow called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, female cow called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cow's meat product? |
|
Definition
young cow- veal
mature cow- beef |
|
|
Term
| What is a young, female pig called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a heifer become a cow? |
|
Definition
| when she calves which is usually when she's 2 or 3 |
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, female pig called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pig meat product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, female sheep called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, female sheep called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a ewe lamb become a ewe? |
|
Definition
| When she lambs around 2 years old |
|
|
Term
| What is the sheep meat product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, female horse called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, female horse called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a filly become a mare? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the horse meat product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, female goat called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, female goat called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a young doe mature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a goat's meat product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a young, female chicken called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mature, female chicken called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a chick or pullet mature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a chick and a pullet? |
|
Definition
A chick is a female for meat
a pullet is a female for laying eggs |
|
|
Term
| What is the chicken meat product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some human uses of animals and animal products? |
|
Definition
| Food, Clothing, By-products, Pleasure, Power, Manure, Research Models |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of human uses of animals for food? |
|
Definition
carcass meat and organ meat
the value of an animal is greatly impacted by its organs
the US typically exports organs or uses them for other animal foods |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of human uses of animals for clothing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of human uses of animals for by-products? |
|
Definition
| pharmaceuticals (insulin, hormones, enzymes, collagen), animal feeds, fat |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of human uses of animals for pleasure |
|
Definition
PETS!
dogs-59 million in the US
cats- 75 million in the US
horses- 9 million in the US |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of human uses of animals for manure? |
|
Definition
fertilizer-chicken litter
energy-methane digesters from pigs
buildings |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of human uses of animals for research models? |
|
Definition
Pigs
there are over 200 models of human diseases seen in animals |
|
|
Term
| World population of chickens |
|
Definition
| 20.7 billion head worldwide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hong Kong at 67.2 pounds per capita |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
China
5.2 billion chickens
11.6 million pounds of chicken product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
US
2.1 billion chickens
17.1 million pounds of chicken product |
|
|
Term
| Why does the US have fewer chickens than China, yet produce more product? |
|
Definition
We have better technology and nutrition
The founding fathers developed ways to invest into food research and education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Indonesia
1.4 billion chickens
1.6 million pounds of chicken product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
India
.9 billion chickens
2.2 million pounds of chicken product |
|
|
Term
| World population of cattle |
|
Definition
| 1.4 billion head worldwide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Argentina and Uruguay compete for #1 with around 61kg per capita |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brazil
213 million head
9 million pounds of beef product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
India
211 million head
1.1 million pounds of beef product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
US
93 million head
12 million pounds of beef product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
China
83 million head
6 million pounds of beef product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Argentina
48 million head
2.4 million pounds of beef product |
|
|
Term
| World population of sheep |
|
Definition
| 1.1 billion head worldwide |
|
|
Term
| #1 consumer of sheep (lamb) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
China
139 million head
2.1 million pounds of sheep product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
India
74 million head
293k pounds of sheep product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Australia
73 million head
.5 million pounds of sheep product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Iran
49 million head
92000 pounds of sheep product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sudan
39 million head
183000 pounds of sheep product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 967 million head worldwide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
China
465 million head
50.5 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
US
66 million head
10.3 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brazil
39 million head
3.4 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vietnam
27 million head
3.1 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Germany
26.8 million head
5.6 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
| World population of dairy cattle |
|
Definition
| 265 million head worldwide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| #1 producer of dairy cattle |
|
Definition
India
44 million head
57 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
| #2 producer of dairy cattle |
|
Definition
Brazil
23 million head
32 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
| #3 producer of dairy cattle |
|
Definition
China
12.2 million head
37 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
| #4 producer of dairy cattle |
|
Definition
US
9 million head
89 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
| #5 producer of dairy cattle |
|
Definition
Russia
9 million head
31 million pounds of product |
|
|
Term
| World population of horses |
|
Definition
| 58.4 million head worldwide |
|
|
Term
| #1 consumer of horse meat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
US (mainly for pleasure)
10.2 million head
28k pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
China
6.8 million head
161k pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mexico (mainly for work)
6.4 million head
83k pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brazil (mainly for work)
5.5 million head
22k pounds of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Argentina (mainly for work)
3.6 million head
26k pounds of product |
|
|
Term
| The world gets ____% of its calories and ______% of its protein from cereal grains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The world gets _______% of its calories and _____% of its protein from animal products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does meat have a high "biological value"? |
|
Definition
| because it has all humans' essential amino acids in the correct proportions |
|
|
Term
| Animal products are the only nature source of vitamin ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Developed countries _______ their food requirements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major difference in "developed" and "developing" countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| about ____% of the world's tractors are in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 2005, ___% of the US population fed _____% of the country |
|
Definition
2, 98
One farmer fed 94 US and 34 World citizens |
|
|
Term
| Reasons for inadequate food supplies in developing countries |
|
Definition
| lack of knowledge, population concentration, lack of wealth, governmental policies, environmental challenges, religious or social taboo |
|
|
Term
| Top US states for beef cow inventory |
|
Definition
#1 Texas
#2 Nebraska
#3 Missouri
#4 Oklahoma
#5 South Dakota
#6 Montana
#7 Kansas
#8 Kentucky
#9 Tennessee
#10 Iowa
#21 GA |
|
|
Term
| Top US states for cattle-on-feed inventory |
|
Definition
#1 Texas
#2 Nebraska
#3 Kansas
#4 Iowa
#5 Colorado
#6 California
#7 Oklahoma
#8 Minnesota
#9 South Dakota
#10 Arizona
#11 Idaho |
|
|
Term
| Top US states for dairy cattle inventory |
|
Definition
#1 California
#2 Wisconsin
#3 New York
#4 Pennsylvania
#5 Idaho
#6 Minnesota
#7 Texas
#8 New Mexico
#9 Michigan
#10 Ohio
#25 GA |
|
|
Term
| Top US states for hogs and pigs inventory |
|
Definition
#1 Iowa
#2 North Carolina
#3 Minnesota
#4 Illinois
#5 Indiana
#6 Nebraska
#7 Missouri
#8 Oklahoma
#9 Kansas
#10 Ohio |
|
|
Term
| Why is North Carolina #2 in pig production? |
|
Definition
| Smithfield foods, they were rising to #1, but a hurricane put them back |
|
|
Term
| Top US states for breeding sheep |
|
Definition
#1 Texas
#2 Wyoming
#3 California
#4 South Dakota
#5 Utah
#6 Montana
#7 Idaho
#8 Colorado
#9 Iowa
#10 Oregon |
|
|
Term
| Types of sheep production and divider |
|
Definition
East farm flock production (mainly meat)
western range flock (mainly wool females mated to meat rams)
divided by Mississippi River |
|
|
Term
| Top US states for broiler inventory |
|
Definition
#1 GA
#2 Arkansas
#3 Alabama
#4 Mississippi
#5 North Carolina |
|
|
Term
| What are the collection of top states for broilers called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Top US states for horse inventory |
|
Definition
#1 Texas
#2 California
#3 Florida
#4 Oklahoma
#5 Kentucky |
|
|
Term
| British bos taurus breeds |
|
Definition
defined by moderation in size and having good meat quality
Angus
Hereford
Shorthorn |
|
|
Term
| Exotic/Continental bos taurus breeds |
|
Definition
Multi taskers..used for meat, mik and work
Defined by massive size and tall height
Simmental
Charolais
Limousin
Gelbvieh
Maine Anjou
Limflex (limousin & angus cross) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
typically have resistance to diseases and insects
Brahman
Nellore
Gir
Indu-Brazil |
|
|
Term
| American (composite) breeds |
|
Definition
mix between indicus and taurus
beefmaster
brangus
braford
simbrah |
|
|
Term
| Composition of american breeds |
|
Definition
3/8 brahman, 5/8 something else EXCEPT
beefmaster who is 1/2 brahman, 1/4 hereford, 1/4 shorthorn |
|
|
Term
| Angus origin & description |
|
Definition
Scotland
black or red (separate breeds)
polled
moderate mature size, but has lots of variation in the breed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maternal traits (good mothers)
fertility and calving ease
meat quality (marbling) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not as big as other breeds
heat tolerance
carcass cutability |
|
|
Term
| When was Angus introduced to the US? |
|
Definition
late 1800s
black angus rank #1 in registrations
red angus rank #6 in registrations |
|
|
Term
| Hereford origin and description |
|
Definition
England
Red body white face
can be horned or polled
moderate size
#2 registered breed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hardy (good in ranges and cold weather)
good productivity
good temperament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low milk production
slow to grow
susceptible to eye cancer |
|
|
Term
| Shorthorn origin and description |
|
Definition
England
Red, white & roan
Horned & polled
moderate to large
#10 registered breed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
milk production
mothering ability
temperament
carcass quality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cutability
heat tolerance
lack of muscling |
|
|
Term
| Limousin origin & description |
|
Definition
France
black, red-yellow
lean
#5 registered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SUPERIOR MUSCLING
moderate to rapid growth
cutability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fertility
milk production
carcass quality |
|
|
Term
| Simmental origin and description |
|
Definition
Switzerland
black, or red, white face
horned & polled
#3 registered
TRI purpose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
milk production
rapid growth
cutability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mature size-need excess nutrients
Dystocia (calving difficulty)
carcass quality |
|
|
Term
| Charolais origin and description |
|
Definition
France
solid white or cream
large
#4 US registered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscling
rapid growth
cutability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maintenance costs
dystocia
milk production |
|
|
Term
| Gelbvieh origin and description |
|
Definition
Austria & Germany
Black & golden
moderate mature size
#8 registered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fertility/early sexual maturity
milk production
rapid growth
carcass cutability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brahman origin and description |
|
Definition
India
gray to white
mainly horned
moderate size
large hump & loose skin
mainly in gulf coast
#11 registered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heat, insect, and disease tolerant
mothering ability
longevity
heterosis in crossbreeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack of muscling
fertility/late sexual maturity
cold tolerance
carcass quality and tenderness |
|
|
Term
| Beefmaster origin and description |
|
Definition
US
multicolored
1/2 brahman, 1/4 hereford, 1/4 shorthorn
mainly horned
moderate size
#7 registered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heat tolerance
mothering ability
performance on forage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack of muscling
variability in performance
carcass quality & mutability |
|
|
Term
| Brangus origin and description |
|
Definition
US
black & red
5/8 angus, 3/8 brahman
polled
moderate size
#9 registered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heat tolerance
mothering ability
carcass quality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscling
carcass cutability
temperment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
king ranch
early american breed
3/8 brahman, 5/8 shorthorn |
|
|
Term
| Holstein origin and description |
|
Definition
Holland
Black, white, sometimes red
large size
80% of dairy cows in US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large size
milk production
low milk fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jersey origin and description |
|
Definition
Jersey Island
fawn color
small to moderate size
15% of dairy cows in US |
|
|
Term
| The dairy industry has a high efficiency of _______ utilization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dairy cows give ____-____% of their energy to milk production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dairy cows give ____-____% of their protein to milk production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the dairy industry have a high investment cost/animal unit |
|
Definition
| cow cost, feed cost, facilities, milking parlor, waste and environmental management |
|
|
Term
| Why does the dairy industry have a high income/animal |
|
Definition
because dairy cows in ga give about 16500 lbs of milk/cow/yr
at UGA they give 20550lbs of milk/cow/year |
|
|
Term
| Feedstuffs used in dairys |
|
Definition
roughages (4.5 tons/cow/year)
Pastures, hays, silage, cottonseed hulls
Concentrates |
|
|
Term
| Types of concentrates used in the dairy industry |
|
Definition
| corn, soy hulls, soybean meal, by-product (brewers grain, corn gluten feed, animal protein, citrus pulp, salad waste) |
|
|
Term
| How many gallons of water does it take to produce 1 gallon of milk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of dairy mammary gland |
|
Definition
| synthesis, storage, and secretion of milk |
|
|
Term
| Do a cow's udder quarters exchange milk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much milk do the rear quarters of a dairy cow's udder produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much milk do the fore quarters of a dairy cow's udder produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
basic secretory unit
millions of hollow, grape-like structures that produce and secrete milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscle cells that contract and cause milk secretion into the lumen of the alveolus |
|
|
Term
| As the _____ fills with milk and expands, milk is forced into the duct system of the mammary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of alveoli surrounded by a thin fibrous membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of lobules that drain into a single duct system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ducts that drain the lobes
there are about 30/duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one/quarter
pocket formed at the openings of the milk ducts
short-term storage site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening of the teat to the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscle closure around streak canal |
|
|
Term
| Mammary development begins at _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ is involved in mammary duct development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ is needed for alveolar-lobule development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ stimulates and maintains milk secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________,___________, and ______________ are involved in maintenance of milk secretion |
|
Definition
| thyroxin, GH, and adrenal steroids |
|
|
