Term
| What does a T1 sagittal image demonstrate in general when imaging the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of image technique would be used to image pathological conditions in the brain and has an inherent high contrast and S/N ratio |
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Definition
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Term
| When imaging the brain what would a FLAIR axial image show and why |
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Definition
| FLAIR will suppress bright signal from CSF fluid allowing for visualization of plaque, hemorrhage, and meningitis |
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Term
| Diffusion Wieghted Imaging is used for.. |
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Definition
| demonstrating acute stroke where areas of restricted diffusion are shown bright on images to indicate tissue damage, which has an increased water content |
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Term
| What are the two types of diffusion wieghted images |
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Definition
| Trace and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) |
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Term
| What type of DWI image shows damaged tissue brighter than normal tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of DWI image is used more often |
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Definition
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Term
| In diffusion weighted imaging, what type of technique uses post processing to calculate a coefficient for each voxel showing a damaged tissue as hypointense |
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Definition
| ADC Apperant diffuison coefficient |
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Term
| What is introduced to reveal a breach in blood brain barrier in MRI |
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Definition
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Term
| When using IV contrast in Brain Imaging what is the most common technique/parameter used and why |
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Definition
| T1 because lesion have a long t1 time |
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Term
| Why is Gadolinium not visualized on a T2 weighted image |
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Definition
| Because the fluid in image is already appearing bright. |
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Term
| Why is a T1 wieghted image used in conjunction with gadolinium in when imaging lesions. |
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Definition
| Lesions have a long T1 time, gadolinium shortens the time of the lesion alowing them to appear bright in stead of dark as in normal t1 wieghted image where fluid normally appears dark. |
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Term
| What are the benefits of using IV contrast in brain imaging |
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Definition
assessment of early ischemia, brain infections, and lesions
characterization of lesion in question
MS plaques can be distinguished between active and chronic |
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Term
When would a T2* GRE axial be used when imaging the brain
What type of signal will be produced |
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Definition
Possible trauma to demonstrate acute and chronic hemorrhage,
Extremely low signal
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Term
| What would be used instead of T1 weighted sagittal image for patients with a history of MS and why |
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Definition
| SAG FLAIR to image plaques in two planes |
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Term
| Common High Resolution exams often performed in addtion to brain protocol are |
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Definition
Internal auditory canals
Pituitary
Orbits
Temporal Lobes |
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Term
What parameters need to change when utilizing a high resolution MR of in Imaging specific areas of the brain
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Definition
FOV - small
Slice thickness - Small
S/N needs to be recompensated for by increasing the # of Signal averages (NSA) |
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Term
| What would be added for visualizing pathology of the IAC |
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Definition
| Coronal and Axial images adding 3mm T1 pre and post contrast |
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Term
| What would be added for a pituitary protocol |
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Definition
| 3mm T1 coronal and sagittal, pre/post contrast |
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Term
| When would contrast agents be used in spine imaging |
|
Definition
Identification and characterizations of
lesions in spinal cord
bony lesions in vertebral bodies
differentiation of postop recurrent disc and scar tissue, MS lesions, and infection |
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Term
After contrast is injected for spine/cord imaging will the spinal cord enhance?
When will bony lesions enhance
|
|
Definition
No
after fat suppression tehcniques
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|
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Term
| After injection of contrast into the spine what happens with scare tissue and disc enhancment |
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Definition
| scar tissue enhances quicker than the disc, the disc will enhance after 20 minutes so do not delay imaging after injection. |
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Term
| When is contrast administered when imaging the C spine |
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Definition
| tumor, infeciton, MS, history of cancer, or surgery |
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Term
| What technique would be used for imaging pathology in the vertebral bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the centering level for thoracic spine MR imaging |
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Definition
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Term
| When imaging the spine when protocol does spinal cord appear bright in / water appear bright in |
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Definition
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Term
When imaging the spine what protocol makes the bone look dark
|
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Definition
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Term
| In MR spine imaging, what enhances first after contrast, and then around 20minutes |
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Definition
| Scar tissue then the disc |
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Term
| When imaging an Elbow in MR what type of slice will best demonstrate bone, tendons, and ligaments pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
What view in MR when viewing the elbow is used to view collateral ligaments
|
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Definition
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Term
| What view in MR when viewing the elbow is best used to demonstrate bicep and tricep tendons? |
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Definition
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Term
MR MSK imaging
What are T1 images obtained for |
|
Definition
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Term
MR MSK Imaging
What is T2 and PD used for imaging |
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Definition
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Term
MR MSK Imaging
What is the STIR sequence used for |
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Definition
| Suppress the fat in the bone marrow to allow visualization of bone contusions |
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Term
MR MSK Imaging
What is GRE used to visualize |
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Definition
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Term
MR MSK Imaging
If gadolinium is administered what would technique would should be used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MR MSK Imaging
What should be done to avoid wrap around |
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Definition
|
|
Term
MR MSK Imaging
What should be done to reduce metal artifacts |
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Definition
|
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Term
MR MSK Imaging
What can be done to reduce flow artifacts
|
|
Definition
Use saturation pulses superior and inferior to the FOV
change phase and frequency direction |
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Term
MR MSK Imaging
Pathology
How does fluid appear on T2 and STIR
|
|
Definition
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Term
MR MSK Imaging
Pathology
How do tendons demonstrate on T1
|
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by what nerve |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The Flexor carpi radialis in innervated by what nerve |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Endocrine abnormalities may be a sign of what type of tumor |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A large benign pituitary escreting cell lesion |
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Definition
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