Class A Airspace

• What is the altitude and coverage of Class A airspace?

• 18,000' MSL to FL 600 (60,000')
• lower 48 states and eastern Alaska

Class A Airspace

• What are the requirements to be in Class A airspace?

• Pilot must be IFR rated
• Aircraft must be IFR equipped
• Must obtain ATC clearance
• Maintain 2 way radio contact
• Altimeter set to 29.92

Class B Airspace

• What are the speed limits in Class B airspace?

• Max. indicated airspeed within Class B is 250 knots
• Max. indicated airspeed below overhanging Class B is 200 knots

Class B Airspace

• What are the requirements to be in Class B airspace?

• Receive ATC clearance before entering
• Requires Mode C w/ altitude reporting
• Requires Mode C w/ altitude reporting in 30 nm of primary airport
• Avoid Class B around "push" times

Class B Airspace

• Are you able to enter Class B airspace without a transponder?

• Yes, you must request permission 1 hour prior to airspace use
• Authorization from altitude reporting may be given immediately

Class B Airspace

• How is Class B depicted on charts?

• Solid blue lines on sectional

Class B Airspace

• What are the minimums for VFR flight in Class B airspace?

• 3 miles of visibility
• Clear of clouds

Class C Airspace

• What are the basics of Class C airspace?

• Typically 2 layers of 5nm and 10 nm radius
• Typically 4,000' AGL ceiling
• Traffic advisories are provided to ALL aircraft

Class C Airspace

• What are the radio/communication requirements for Class C?

• Establish communication with ATC
• Does no require formal clearance but ATC must acknowledge with call-sign before entry

Class C Airspace

• What are the radio/communication requirements for Class C?

• Establish communication with ATC
• Does no require formal clearance but ATC must acknowledge with call-sign before entry

Class C Airspace

• What are the transponder requirements for Class C?

• Mode C transponder with altitude reporting both within and above Class C airspace

Class C Airspace

• How is Class C depicted on charts?

• Area is defined by a solid magenta line

Class C Airspace

• What is the speed limit in Class C airspace?

• Aircraft may not exceed 200 knots within 4 nm of primary airport or below 2,500' 

Class D Airspace

• What is the speed limit of Class D airspace?

• 200 knots speed limit 4 nm from primary airport and below 2,500'

Class C Airspace

• What are the minimums for Class C airspace?

• 3 sm visibility for VFR
• 500' below clouds
• 1,000' above clouds
• 2,000' horizontal from clouds

Class D Airspace

• What are the requirements to be in Class D airspace?

• Establish 2-way communication
• Formal clearance not required but ATC must acknowledge with call sign
• Traffic advisories with ATC workload permitting
• Some do not operate 24 hours a day and reverts to Class E or G

Class D Airspace

• How is Class D depicted on a chart?

• Class D is depicted by a dashed blue line

Class D Airspace

• What are the VFR minimums for Class D airspace?

• 3 miles visibility
• 500' below clouds
• 1,000' above clouds
• 2,000' horizontally

Class E Airspace

• What are the basics of Class E airspace?

• Airspace is controlled
• Not in A, B, C, or D
• Upward but not including A
• Within Magenta vignette, the floor is 700' AGL (Class G below)
• Outside of Magenta vignette, the floor is 1,200' AGL (Class G below)
• When not defined 14,500 MSL
• Above FL 60 and beyond

Class E Airspace

• What are the minimums in Class E below 10,000'?

• 3 miles visibility
• 500' below clouds
• 1,000' above clouds
• 2,000' horizontal of clouds

Class E Airspace

• What are the minimums of Class E at or above 10,000' (>1,200' AGL)?

• 5 sm visibility
• 1,000' above clouds
• 1,000' below clouds
• 1 sm horizontally

Class E Airspace

• What are the minimums for take-off and landing in Class E airspace?

• Minimum of 1,000' ceiling
• 3 sm visibility

Special VFR

• What are the basics of Special VFR (day/night)?

• Can be used for VFR operation in B, C, D, or E situations
• Pilot must request
• 1-mile visibility and clear of clouds
• Must be IFR and IFR equipped for night SVFR
• May not use in an airport with 'NOSVFR' on the chart

Class G Airspace

• What are the VFR minimums for Class G below 1,200' AGL?

• 1 mile during the day
• 3 mile at night
• Clear of clouds

Class G Airspace

• What are the VFR minimums for Class G between 1,200' AGL to 9,999' MSL?

• 1-mile visibility during day
• 3-mile visibility at night
• 500' below clouds
• 1,000' above clouds
• 2,000' horizontal

Class G Airspace

• What are the VFR minimums for Class G when above 10,000' MSL?

• 5 sm day or night
• 1,000' below clouds
• 1,000' above clouds
• 1 sm horizontal from clouds

Define:   Angle of attack

• The acute angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the direction of the air striking the airfoil

Define:  Angle of incidence

• the angle formed by the chord line of the wing and a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft

Difine: Controlled firing area

• an area established to contain activities which if not conducted in a controlled environment, would be hazardous to non-participating aircraft

Define:   Critical angle of attack

• The angle of attack at which the wing stalls regardless of airspeed, flight attitude, or weight

Define: Density Altitude

• pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature.  Density altitude is used in computing the performance of an aircraft and its engines

At what weight is an aircraft considered "Large"?

• Greater than 12,500 pounds certified takeoff weight

Define: Military Operation Area

• Outside of Class A airspace to separate or segregate certain non-hazardous military activity from IFR traffic and to identify for VFR traffic

Define:  Night

• Means the time between the end of evening civil twilight ant the beginning of morning civil twilight as published in the Air Almanac and corrected for local time

Define:  Prohibited area

• airspace within which no person may operate an aircraft without the permission of the authorizing agency

Define:  Rating

• A statement, as part of a certificate, sets forth special conditions, privileges, or limitations

Define:  Restricted area

• Airspace within which the flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject to restriction

Define:  Warning area

• Airspace of defined dimensions, extending 3 nautical miles outward from the coast of the US, a warning area may be over domestic or international waters

Define:  True altitude

• Height above mean sea level

Define:  Indicated altitude

• Altitude indicated with current altitude setting (approximation)
  • Allows vertical pacing between aircraft
  • Allows maintaining obstacle/terrain avoidance

Define: Pressure Altitude

• Altitude indicated at 29.92 - used in flight levels above and including 18,000 feet

Define:  Absolute Altitude

• Altitude above the ground

Define:  Density Altitude

• pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature variations

Define:  Complex aircraft

• Retractable landing gear
• Flaps
• AND controllable pitch propeller (includes FADEC)

What documents are required to be in the aircraft with the pilot?

• Pilot certificate
• Photo ID (government issued)
• Medical certificate

Offenses involving alcohol or drugs

• Grounds for denial for certificate, rating, or authorization for up to 1 year
• Grounds for suspension of the certificate, rating, or authorization

What happens with refusal to submit to ETOH test?

When requested by law enforcement

• Grounds for denial of an application for a certificate, rating, or authorization for up to a year
• Grounds for dismissal of certificate, rating, or authorization

How long is a medical good for?

• After the age of 40, it is good until the end of the 24th month listed on the medical certificate

What aircraft are type requirements required for?

• Large aircraft
• Turbojet-powered aircraft
• Other aircraft specified by Administrator

Give examples of "Category"

• Airplane
• Rotorcraft
• Glider

Give examples of "Class"

• Airplane Single Engine Land (ASEL)
• Airplane Multi-engine Land (AMEL)
• Airplane Single engine Sea (ASES)

Give an example of "Type"

• DC-9
• 747
• etc.

What is the criteria for High-Performance aircraft?

• 200 hp

What are the training requirements for complex, high-performance, and pressurized aircraft?

• Received and logged
  • ground training
  • flight training
  • one-time endorsement

What are the rules for currency for carrying passengers?

• 3 takeoffs and landing in the last 90 days (daytime)
• 3 takeoffs and landings to full stop in the last 90 days (night)
  • Night for currency is 1 hour past sunset and 1 hour before sunrise

When must a change of address be filed with FAA?

• 30 days

When are NAV lights required?

• Must be used from Sunset to Sunrise

When is dropping objects allowed from an aircraft?

• If does not create a hazard
• reasonable precautions

What are the basic rules for alcohol consumption?

• 8 hours from bottle to throttle

May not operate:

• 0.04 BAC
• while under the influence of drugs of EtOH
• under influence of ANY substance that affects a person's facilities
• may not allow obvious intoxication unless an emergency and under proper care

Outline safety belt use.

• Passengers must be briefed
• Belts must be used during taxi, takeoff, and landing

What are the general speed limits of aircraft under 10,000 feet?

• 250 knots unless authorized by Administrator
• No operation greater than 200 knots or below 2,500 feet within 4 miles of Class D or C
• 200-knot speed limit below Class B

What does a steady green light signal mean?

Surface - Cleared for takeoff

In-flight - Cleared to land

What does a flashing green light signal mean?

Surface - Cleared to taxi

In-flight - Return for landing - followed by solid green

What does a steady red light signal mean?

Surface - STOP

In-flight - Give way to other aircraft - continue circling

What does a flashing red light signal mean?

Surface - Taxi clear of the runway in use]

In-flight - Airport unsafe - DO NOT LAND

What does a flashing white light signal mean?

Return to starting point on airport

What does an alternating red/green light signal mean?

Surface - exercise extreme caution

In-flight - exercise extreme caution

What are the fuel requirements for day and night VFR?

• Daytime - 30 minutes beyond intended at normal cruising speed
• Nighttime - 45 minutes beyond intended at normal cruising speed

What are the cruising altitudes (below 18,000) for magnetic heading of 0-179 degrees and 180- 359 degrees?

• 0-179 odd thousand plus 500 feet
• 180-359 even thousand plus 500 feet

Name the AROW documents needed in the aircraft?

• A - airworthiness
• R - Registration (3 years)
• O - operation limitation
• W - weight, and balance (empty weight)

What is the required equipment for VFR day flight?

TOMATO FLAAMES  - tachometer, oil pressure, manifold pressure (each altitude engine), airspeed indicator, Temperature gauge (liquid cooled), fuel gauges (each tank), landing gear indicators, altimeter, anti-collision lights, magnetic compass, ELT, seat belts

What is the equipment list required for NIGHT VFR flight?

TOMATO FLAAMES + FLAPS - fuses (full set - 3 of each kind), landing light (if for hire), anti-collision (aviation red/white), position lights, source of power

What is the requirement for supplemental oxygen above 12,500 MSL and up to and including 14,000 MSL?

• The flight crew must be provided with supplemental oxygen
• Must use if over 30 minutes in flight

What is the supplemental oxygen requirement between 14,000 MSL and 15,000 MSL?

• Crew must be provided
• Crew must use oxygen

Above 15,000 MSL, what is the oxygen requirement?

• All occupants must be provided supplemental oxygen
• The crew must wear oxygen

 What are the transponder codes for:

• VFR
• Hijack
• Comms down
• Having an emergency
• Military intercept
• Military operating

• VFR - 1200
• Hijack - 7500
• Comms down - 7600
• Emergency - 7700
• Military intercept - 7777
• Military operating - 4000

"Hi jack, I can't talk right now, I'm having an emergency"

What are the basics of hypoxia?

• Deterioration of night vision at 5,000 feet
• Usually doesn't occur until 12,000 for normal healthy pilot
• 12,000 - 15,000 judgment, memory, alertness, coordination, ability to make calculations impaired
• A headache, drowsiness, dizziness, sense of well-being/belligerence occur
• Pilot performance can deteriorate in less than 15 minutes at 15,000