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SD All-State Vocab
N/A
158
Music
9th Grade
12/10/2013
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Term
accelerando (accel.)
 Definition
gradually growing faster
Term
accidental
 Definition
chromatic alteration of a note from the key signature until the next bar line (can be extended by a tie)
Term
ad libitum (ad lib) or piacere
 Definition
at pleasure, at will
Term
a due (a 2)
 Definition
for two parts
Term
affetuoso
 Definition
tenderly, with feeling
Term
alla breve (c/)
 Definition
2/2 time, cut time
Term
allargando
 Definition
getting slower and louder
Term
amoroso
 Definition
with love, with warm feeling
Term
animato or con anima
 Definition
lively, animated, spirited
Term
appassianato or passione
 Definition
passionate, fervent
Term
assai
 Definition
much, very
Term
a tempo
 Definition
return to the original tempo
Term
attacca
 Definition
continue without a pause
Term
bravura
 Definition
great technical skill, virtuosity
Term
brillante
 Definition
sparkling, spirited
Term
cadenza
 Definition
a brilliant (often highly technical) solo, often found at the end of a movement or a piece
Term
cadence
 Definition
the close of a melodic or harmonic phrase
Term
calmando or calmato
 Definition
quieting down, subsiding
Term
cantando or cantabile
 Definition
in a singing style, lyrical
Term
capriccioso
 Definition
fanciful, freely
Term
coda
 Definition
a concluding passage added to the form proper
Term
con
 Definition
with
Term
con brio
 Definition
with vigor, vigorously
Term
con forza
 Definition
with force, strength
Term
con fuoco
 Definition
with fire, passionately
Term
con sordino
 Definition
with mute
Term
con spirito or spiritoso
 Definition
with spirit
Term
crescendo
 Definition
becoming louder
Term
da capo (D.C.)
 Definition
from the beginning
Term
dal segno (D.S.)
 Definition
from the sign
Term
decrescendo (decresc.)
 Definition
becoming softer
Term
diatonic
 Definition
notes within a given scal or key
Term
diminuendo (dim.)
 Definition
becoming softer
Term
divisi
 Definition
divided parts where there is normally one
Term
dolce
 Definition
sweet, gentle
Term
dppio movimento
 Definition
twice as fast
Term
double flat (bb)
 Definition
lower by one full step
Term
double sharp (X)
 Definition
raise by one full step
Term
dynamics
 Definition
the level of loudness
Term
pianississimo (ppp)
 Definition
very, very soft
Term
pianissimo (pp)
 Definition
very soft
Term
piano (p)
 Definition
soft
Term
mezzo piano (mp)
 Definition
medium soft
Term
mezzo forte (mf)
 Definition
medium loud
Term
forte (f)
 Definition
loud
Term
fortissimo (ff)
 Definition
very loud
Term
forississimo (fff)
 Definition
very, very loud
Term
e, ed, or et
 Definition
and
Term
espressivo
 Definition
with feeling, with expression
Term
etude
 Definition
a study or exercise focusing on a particular technical or musical problem
Term
fermata
 Definition
a pause or hold
Term
finale
 Definition
last movement of a multi-movement work
Term
fine
 Definition
the end
Term
forzando
 Definition
a strong accent
Term
giocoso
 Definition
humorous, playful
Term
giusto
 Definition
exact, appropriate or usual tempo
Term
glissando
 Definition
a glide from one note to the next
Term
grazioso
 Definition
graceful
Term
interval
 Definition
pitch difference between two notes
Term
key signature
 Definition
sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a selection indicating its key
Term
largamente
 Definition
broadly
Term
legato
 Definition
Term
l'istesso tempo
 Definition
at the same tempo
Term
loco
 Definition
return to normal position
Term
maestoso
 Definition
majestic, with dignity
Term
marcato
 Definition
accented, stressed
Term
marcia
 Definition
march
Term
meno
 Definition
less
Term
molto
 Definition
much, very
Term
morendo
 Definition
fading away
Term
mosso or moto
 Definition
moved, motion
Term
non
 Definition
no, do not
Term
nuance
 Definition
subtle shading in style
Term
ossia
 Definition
an alternate version
Term
pesante
 Definition
weighty, ponderous
Term
piu
 Definition
more
Term
pochissimo
 Definition
as little as possible
Term
poco a poco
 Definition
little by little
Term
pomposo
 Definition
statley, pompous
Term
quasi
 Definition
almost, as if
Term
rallentando (rall.)
 Definition
becoming slower
Term
ritardando (ritard. or rit.)
 Definition
becoming slower
Term
ritenuto (riten.)
 Definition
immediately slower
Term
rinforzando (rfz.)
 Definition
a sudden accent
Term
rubato
 Definition
free use of accel. and rit. within a measure without altering the duration of the measure as a whole
Term
sans or senza
 Definition
without
Term
scherzando
 Definition
playfully
Term
segue
 Definition
continue without pausing
Term
sempre
 Definition
always, throughout
Term
sforznado (sfz.)
 Definition
sudden accent
Term
simile
 Definition
in the same manner
Term
soli
 Definition
a section solo, a group of soloists
Term
solo
 Definition
a part for one perfomer
Term
sonore
 Definition
resounding, loud
Term
sordino
 Definition
mute
Term
sostenuto (sost.)
 Definition
sustained
Term
staccato
 Definition
detached
Term
stringendo (string.)
 Definition
growing faster
Term
subito (sub.)
 Definition
suddenly, at once
Term
tacet
 Definition
be silent
Term
tempo
 Definition
rate of speed
Term
grave
 Definition
solemn and very, very slow
Term
largo
 Definition
very slow
Term
adagio, lento, larghetto
 Definition
slow
Term
andante
 Definition
moderately slow
Term
andantino
 Definition
slightly faster than andante
Term
moderato
 Definition
moderate, neither fast nor slow
Term
allegreto
 Definition
moderately fast
Term
allegro
 Definition
fast and lively
Term
vivo, vivace
 Definition
very fast and intense
Term
presto
 Definition
the fastest conventional tempo
Term
prestissimo
 Definition
as fast as possible
Term
tenuto (ten.)
 Definition
held, sustained for full value
Term
timbre
 Definition
tone color
Term
tranquillo
 Definition
quiet, peaceful
Term
trill (tr.)
 Definition
a rapid alteration between the written note and the diatonic second above it
Term
troppo
 Definition
too much
Term
tutti
 Definition
all, with all performers
Term
un, una, uno
 Definition
one
Term
unison
 Definition
together on the same part or in octaves
Term
1 flat
 Definition
F major, D minor
Term
2 flats
 Definition
Bb major, G minor
Term
3 flats
 Definition
Eb major, C minor
Term
4 flats
 Definition
Ab major, F minor
Term
5 flats
 Definition
Db major, Bb minor
Term
6 flats
 Definition
Gb major, Eb minor
Term
7 flats
 Definition
Cb major, Ab minor
Term
1 sharp
 Definition
G major, e minor
Term
2 sharps
 Definition
D major, b minor
Term
3 sharps
 Definition
A major, f# minor
Term
4 sharps
 Definition
E major, c# minor
Term
5 sharps
 Definition
B major, g# minor
Term
6 sharps
 Definition
F# major, d# minor
Term
7 sharps
 Definition
C# major, a# minor
Term
up bow
 Definition
moving tip to frog
Term
down bow
 Definition
moving frog to tip
Term
detache
 Definition
a primarily connected bow stroke with distinct, separate bows
Term
slur
 Definition
connecting more than one note per bow without stopping
Term
staccato
 Definition
short, stopped strokes with the bow remaining on the string
Term
spiccato
 Definition
stroke with the bow bouncing off the string
Term
portato
 Definition
slightly enuciate each note within a slure using bow weight and speed
Term
arco
 Definition
with the bow
Term
pizzicato
 Definition
plucked
Term
martele
 Definition
hammered; heavily accented staccato
Term
tremolo
 Definition
an effect produced by rapidly alternating down and up bows
Term
staccato volant
 Definition
linked spiccato notes in the same direction
Term
ricochet
 Definition
thrown/rebound stroke usually in groups of 2 or 3
Term
flautando
 Definition
flute-like bowing played near the fingerboard
Term
col lengo
 Definition
the effect produced by striking the string with the stick
Term
sul ponticello
 Definition
an icy, whistling effect produced by striking the string with the stick
Term
alto clef
 Definition
used for viola and trombone to avoid excess ledger lines; middle C is the center line
Term
tenor clef
 Definition
used for cello, trombone, basson and double bass; middle C is the fourth line from the bottom
Term
vibrato
 Definition
slight variation of pitch by left hand motion used to add warmth
Term
major scales
 Definition
diatonic scales with half-steps between 3-4 and 7-8
Term
natural minor scales
 Definition
diatonic scales with half-steps between 2-3 and 5-6
Term
harmonic minor scales
 Definition
natural minor scales with the 7th scale degree raised a half-step; this adds a half-step between 7-8, and an interval of 1.5 steps between 6-7
Term
melodic minor scales
 Definition
natural scales where the 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised one half step in the ascending form creating half steps between 2-3 and 7-8; these notes are lowered to their naturals state in the descending scale, making it identical to the natural minor
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