Landscape with the Finding of Moses

Claude Lorrain

1639 

Not in book, French painter, Baroque Italian paintings. 

Hudson River School often based on him. 

A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful

Edmund Burke

feminine vs masculine.

curving, twisting landscape with no real 'wilderness', domesticated vs wild, untamed landscape to be in awe inspired fear/terror

Picturesque - somewhere inbetween the two

Looking East from Denny Hill

Ralph Earl

1800

A very feminine or beautiful landscape.

Tripart composition of framed foreground, domesticated middle ground, and sublime/awe inspiring background.

Niagra

Frederic Edwin Church

1857

Completely sublime. The viewer has no solid place to stand in the picture.

View Near Fishkill

William Guy Wall

1820

Picturesque. Curving domesticated lines of the road and houses, but idea of sublime and adventure in the mountains and river beyond.

Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, MA

1831

visited cemeteries (rural) to esacpe the increasing urban city.

Manmade to be picturesque.

Central Park, NY

1880

Counteract growing urbanization.

Created lakes, fields, hills, etc.

Became a social atmosphere for social elite as well as a relaxation for underclasses.

Expulsion from the Garden of Eden

Thomas Cole

1827-8

More alligorical than previous works. Craftsmen being expeld from the work place. Social change commentary.

Very focused on sublime nature. 

Study of a Tree

Thomas Cole

1825

Part of the Hudson River School. Would spend the spring, summer, and fall months traveling and doing studies up the Hudson River. Would create painting in the winter from studies. 

[image]

The Course of Empire

Thomas Cole

1834-1836

Five painting series for patrons fireplace. Commentary on Andrew Jacksons 'empire'.

Savage State - primitive hunter/gather, nature is in control

Pastoral State - beginning to be tamed, harmony with nature

Consummation - ancient Rome, J. Caesar, wariness of A.J as empire

Destruction - Too off balance with nature, ultimate fate.

Desolation - Nature is eternal

View From Mount Holyoke After a Thunderstorm

Thomas Cole

1836

Became depressed during Course of Empire, needed a break. 

Artist small compared to nature

God's land, hebrew letter upside down.

Side Chair

Samuel Gragg

1808-15

Machine that could steam wood, and thus mass produce these chair will very little skill involved.

Balloon-frame Construction

and

Interchangeable Parts

BFC - less specialized workers. mass produced nails and 2x4. Structures ballooned up all over the country

IP - assemblage to mass produce. Any one could fit together. Think gun parts.

Kindred Spirits

Asher B. Durrand

1849

After Thomas Cole's death, with romantic poet. Eclosed, tranquill, picturesque, not like a Thomas Cole painting at all.

Competed with Church to be next great landscape artist. Lost.

New England Scenery

Frederic Edwin Church 

1851

Only actual student of Cole. Tripart Composition. Wagon is 'blessing' for westward expansion, same godly message for Puritian settlers.

Synechdotal Nationalsim - New England becomes symbol of what the entire country should be.

Home to Thanksgiving

Currier & Ives 

1867

Lithograph. Privlidge the North, peaceable neighbors. Lincoln enacts thanksgiving.

Heart of the Andes

Frederic Edwin Church

1859

New science of geology, how the earth was formed. Paid to paint South America. Used speical lighting to display enormous painting. Use of the sublime.

Cotopaxi

Frederic Edwin Church

1862

Middle of the civil war, commentary of the parrellel with South American landscape and US politics. 

Quieter kind of landscape and less of it.

Represent domestication of landscape, womb like light. 

Soft colors, not sublime.

Eaton's Neck, Long Island

John Frederick Kensett

1872

Narrowed in landscape compared to what we've seen in the past. Able to make images of depth and recession feel 2-dimensional. 

Blocks of color.

Owl's Head, Penobscot Bay, Maine

Fitz Henry Lane

1862

Very feminine and domestic painting. Soft colors.

October in the Catskills

Sanford Robinson Gifford

1880

Womb like glow. atmospheric luminism - misty atmospheres, emphasis on haze, eagerness to dissolve objects into a larger visual unity.

 Thunderstorm Over Narragansett Bay

Martin Johnson Heade

1868

Quietness, or ominece. People in the painting unlike luminists.

Prisoners from the Front

Winslow Homer

1866

Four years of strife reduced to one painting. Separates victor from vanquished while still leaving dignity for all men.

Heads near horizon line, suggesting they will all rise above  nature as well.

Influence of photography

The Army of the Potomac - A Sharpshooter in Picket Duty

Winslow Homer

1862

Wood engraving of most likely a photography for easier distrubution to society.

Daguerreotype and Louis Daguerre