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Leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives.
-Identified with outsiders because he was born with a club foot
-spoke for abolition and equal rights for blacks
-wanted blacks to be free |
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a group of republicans
-wanted abolition of slavery
-wanted blacks to be citizens |
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| enforced the Bill of Rights on a state level. said that sttaes cant deprive people of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; states couldnt deny people their rights (like federal gov couldnt under the constitution) |
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| Defined all people born in the US (except not taxed Indians) as citizens. listed rights of citizens: can testify in court, own property, etc. |
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| Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
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| Split the Confederate states (except Tennessee) into five military districts, governed by military commanders authorized by Congress. Ten states had to hold conventions, where all adult male citizens would vote (except former confederate leaders) to make new state govs that permitted black voting and ratified Fourteenth Amendment. Congress then said whether states should regain Congressional representation |
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| Plan made by Lincoln that said that all states that swore loyalty to the Union by a 10% vote. Some people thought that his plan was too lenient, but he didnt want more rigid plans because they would prolong the war |
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| Agency made in 1865 to help blacks adjust to being free. sponsored education and administered relief |
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| passed by states in 1865-66. blacks had to have: annual employment contracts, had to work in alcohol, couldnt move without permission, couldnt own land. many former slave owners took slaves in so they wouldnt be vagrants and blacks got trapped in a sharecropping system |
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| Officials appointed with Senat'e consent had to remain in office until Senate appointed a successor--> president couldnt fire them |
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| Southern democrat, became president after Lincoln was assassinated, wanted to reconstruct by empowering the white middle class (not wealthy people), impeached by the Tenure of Office Act; removed Stanton as secretary of war because he didnt agree with his ideas and wanted to test the senate's will to impeach him. he was impeached, but not found guilty by 2/3 of the senate |
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| Rich man, thought that wealthy should return money to community in the way of parks/libraries/etc and that poor would benifit more from these things than from getting money (the idea of Gospel of Wealth) |
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| 1870, gave blacks the right to vote (couldnt deny right to vote based on a person's skin/former enslavement) |
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| violence, threats, and lynching by Mississippi Democrats to intimidate republicans; 1875 |
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| Allowed travel to be faster. first transcontinental railroad completed in 1869, bridged gap between east and west, caused conflicts with native americans b/c it went through their land |
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| American Federation of Labor; national organization of trade unions, limited to craftsmen, used strikes and boycotts to improve working conditions, founded in 1886 |
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| Founded in 1901, believed in socialism: pay by work rather than need |
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| Homestead Steel Mill Plant- owned by Carnegie, stronghold of the AFL. manager (frick) proposed wage cuts, locked out union workers who opposed, replaced workers. hired Pinkerton Detective Agency to protect against strikers, gun battle broke out, 7 Pinkertons and 9 strikers killed, Pinkerton's surrendered, state sent in state militia and the union backed down. no union can stand up to America's industrial Giants |
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| The idea that old american values were superior to those of immigrants |
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| Settlement house founded by Jane Adams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889 in Chicago. Settlement houses- community centers in slums to help poor people |
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| Former slave, became educator, founded Tuskegee Institute, urged blacks to accept segregation for the time being and work towards economic advancement in his Atlanta Compromise |
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| Black civil rights leader, helped form and run the NAACP, urged blacks to take pride in themselves and their race. wrote many important civil rights things |
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| Supreme Court case ruling that separate but equal is fair. made segregation in schools legal |
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| Exaggerating news stories to sway the public to one side or another |
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| Submarines, introduced during World War I, used for sneak attacks on ships, responsible for many ships sinking |
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| Supreme Court case in 1908, upheld Oregon law restricting women's work hours because many people believed that women needed special protection because of their roles as mothers |
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| allows voters to petition to put a proposed law on the ballots for people to vote on |
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| Allows voters via petition to hold a special election to remove an elected official from office |
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