Term
| British advantages of Revolutionary War (5) |
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Definition
1. huge navy and merchant marine
2. Larger and better trained army
3. Larger population
4. economic power
5. Greater Unity |
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Term
| American Advantages of Revolutionary War (7) |
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Definition
1. Superior military leadership
2. superior allies
3. higher stakes
4. self sufficiency and long coast lines
5. logistical problems encountered by British
6. lack of central city
7. limited goals |
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Term
| What did the 2nd Continental Congress do to encourage the victory of the Revolutionary War? (2) |
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Definition
1. Created the Continental Army
2. Chose Washington to command the Continental Army |
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Term
| Why was George Washington chosen to command the continental army? (2) |
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Definition
1. He was a southerner -- The war was not just a concern of New England.
2. He was less likely to steal because he was wealthy. |
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Term
| Why was Howe able to capture Breed's Hill? |
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Definition
| Americans ran out of ammunition. |
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Term
| Why was George Washington able to force the British out of Boston? |
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Definition
| Washington set up cannons at Dorchester Heights facing Breed's Hill. |
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Term
| Why was Morgan's force surrounded at Quebec? |
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Definition
| Becaus Arnold got shot in the leg and ordered Morgan to lead the troops to the rendezvous point. Montgomerty was killed and his troops retreated leaving Morgan and his troops alone. |
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Term
| George III aided to the American Revolution, what were they? (3) |
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Definition
1. Proclaimed the colonies in rebellion- which meant the rebel leaders would be hanged.
2. He hired Hessians (Barbaric Germans)
3. He tried to incite indian attacks and slave rebellions against Americans. |
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Term
| What were Thomas Paine's arguments in his book Common Sense? (3) |
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Definition
1. Large America should not revolve around tiny Britain.
2. In order to gain French help, America must declare independence.
3. The new mission for America= spread republicanism. |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? |
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Definition
| To explain the reasons why they became independent to the world. |
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Term
| What kind of Federal government did the Articles of Confederation make? |
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Definition
| A weak government. They were scared of a dominating tyraanical leader. |
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Term
| Under the Articles of Confederation, how is each state represented? |
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Definition
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Term
| Significance of the 2nd Continental Congress? (2) |
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Definition
1. Created a national army with Washington in charge.
2. Led to the victory of the Revoultionary War. |
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Term
| Significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill? (2) |
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Definition
1. led to British evacuation of Boston.
2. Thomas Gage was replaced with William Howe - who made a massive amount of mistakes. |
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Term
| Significance of the Battle of Quebec? |
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Definition
1. Split British forces
2. Canada remained British, but split British forces which led to Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga. |
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Term
| Significance of Common Sense? |
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Definition
| He sold a bunch of copies which was extremely influential and led to American Independence. |
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Term
| Significance of the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
| The 1st American Constitution. |
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Term
| Who were the commanders of the British troops and Patriot troops at the Battle of Bunker Hill? |
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Definition
British troops- William Howe
American Troops- Artemis Ward |
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Term
| Who led cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to the continental army outside of Bunker hill? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who commanded British and Patriot forces at the Battle of Quebec? |
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Definition
British- Carleton
American- Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who commanded Hessian and Patriot forces in the Battle of Trenton? |
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Definition
Hessian Forces- Johann Raal
Patriots- George Washington |
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Term
| Who laid the siege on Fort Stanwix and who lifted the seige? |
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Definition
laid- British General St. Leger
Lifted- Benedict Arnold |
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Term
| Who were Hessian and Patriot commanders at the Battle of Bennington? |
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Definition
Hessian- Baum
Patriots- General John Stark |
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Term
| Who commanded British and Patriot forces in the 2nd Battle of Freeman's Farm? |
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Definition
Patriots- Arnold and Morgan
British- Burgoyne |
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Term
| What American negotiated Treaties of Alliance with France? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Bernardo de Galvez? |
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Definition
| Spanish governor of Louisiana |
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Term
| Who commanded forces in the Battle of Cowpens? |
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Definition
Patriots- Morgan
British- Tarleton |
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Term
| Who commanded French and British fleets in the Battle of Chesapeake? |
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Definition
British- Thomas Graves
French- de Grasse |
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Term
| Who commanded at the Battle of Yorktown? |
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Definition
American- Washington
British- Cornwalis
French- Rochambeau |
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Term
| Who negotiated the Treaty of Paris? |
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Definition
| John Adams, John Jay, and Ben Franklin |
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Term
| How did Washington win the Battle of Trenton? |
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Definition
| Hessians weren't expecting a surprising attack on Christmas night. |
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Term
| How did Arnold delay Carleton at Lake Champlain? |
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Definition
Built fleet of ships and forced Carleton to do the same
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Term
| How did Arnold lift seige of Fort Stanwix? |
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Definition
| Made St. Leger's indian allies believe that Arnold was coming with a large force, so indians and St. Leger retreated. |
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Term
| How was Schuyler able to delay Burgoyne? |
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Definition
| Destroyed bridges and diverted creeks that were on Burgoyne's path. |
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Term
| Why did Baum attack Bennington? |
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Definition
| It was a Patriot supply depot. |
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Term
| Why was Baum surrounded at Bennington? |
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Definition
| He couldn't speak English, so he thought the patriots were Loyalists and he allowed himself to be surrounded. |
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Term
| How were Arnold and Morgan able to defeat Burgoyne at the 2nd Battle of Freeman's Farm? |
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Definition
| Morgan's riflemen were up in trees and shot officers. Arnold led 3 charges with bayonets to the British. |
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Term
| What event led France to negotiate with America? |
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Definition
| The surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga. |
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Term
| What did the Treaties of Alliance with France do? |
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Definition
| Recognized American independence and a defensive alliance including troops and ships. |
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Term
| What did George Rogers Clark do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Bernardo de Galvez do? |
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Definition
| Captured Pensacola and West Florida |
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Term
| How was Morgan able to kill or capture most of Carleton's men at Battle of Cowpens? |
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Definition
| Had lines of riflemen that would shoot when British were in certain spots, the the patriots would retreat in a formal order, reload their guns, and then shoot again without chaos. |
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Term
| Why was France able to remove British ships at Chesapeak? |
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Definition
| British weren't expecting as many French ships so they were outnumbered and the British were led by Thomas Graves and not their good guy, Rodney. |
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Term
| Why did Cornwallis surrender at Yorktown? |
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Definition
| He was surrounded and out of supplies and Knox's artillery had decimated him. |
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Term
| What did the Treaty of Paris do? |
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Definition
| British recognized American independence and set boundaries: Great Lakes, north; Spanish Florida, south; Atlantic Ocean, east; and Mississippi River, west. |
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Term
| Why did Washington's officers mutiny at Newburg? |
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Definition
| Congress had not paid them in a long time. |
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Term
| What did the Newburg mutinies threat? |
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Definition
| Threatened to overthrow government for states to give more power to government |
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Term
| About how many Loyalists were expelled from America? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the British compromise with the Loyalists? |
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Definition
| Pensions and land grants in Canada. |
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Term
| Significance of the Battle of Trenton? |
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Definition
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Term
| Significance of Arnold's delay of Carleton, lifting of siege at Fort Stanwix, Battle of Bennington, Schuyler's delay of Burgoyne, and the 2nd Battle of Freeman's Farm? |
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Definition
| They all contributed to Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga. |
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Term
| Treaties of Alliance with France? |
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Definition
| Victory of the war wouldn't have happened without France. |
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Term
| Significance of George Waters Clark? |
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Definition
| Captured Fort Sackville and strengthened American claims to Ohio valley (Northwest) |
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Term
| Significance of Galvez's capture of Pensacola |
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Definition
| Removed British base that was supplying Cherokee Indians |
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Term
| Significance of Battle of Cowpens and Battle of Chesapeake? |
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Definition
| Both led to Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown |
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Term
| Significance of the Battle of Yorktown |
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Definition
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Term
| Significance of Newburgn Mutiny? |
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Definition
| Maintained civilian control in military and maintained public trust in the military |
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Term
| Significance of Loyalists Exodus? |
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Definition
| Hleped keep Canada British, removed monarchist forces, and made the country more republican. |
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Term
| What is mixed government? |
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Definition
| Different types of government such as Aristocracy, Democracy, and a Monarchy. |
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Term
| Who created the Mixed Government Theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who represented the many, the few, and the one? |
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Definition
| House of Representatives represented the many, the Senate represented the few, and the President represented the one. |
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Term
| Montesquiue stated that there should be three forms of government, what were they? |
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Definition
| Legislative, Judicial, and Executive |
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Term
| What did the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches do? |
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Definition
Legislative makes the laws and Congress passes them.
Executive branch is headed by the President; he enforces the laws.
Judicial branch interprets the laws through federal court. |
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Term
| Who formulated the Natural law theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did founding fathers incorporate "Theory of Natural Law" into the Constitution? |
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Definition
| Through the Bill of Rights. |
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Term
| What is the Theory of Popular Sovereignty? |
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Definition
| The people that have authority would convert to this government. |
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Term
| Who came up with the theory of popular sovereignty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Federalists supported what type of government and to what degree? |
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Definition
| Strong Federal government and mixed government. |
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Term
| Republicans supported which type of government and to what degree? |
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Definition
| Weak federal government, democracy being the majority. |
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