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Amino Acid Metabolism
The origins and pathways of non-essential amino acids
14
Biochemistry
Graduate
11/23/2010

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Term
Oxaloacetate
Definition
Forms Aspartate which can be used to form asparagine.
Term
Pyruvate
Definition
Can from alanine.
Term
3-Phosphoglycerate
Definition
can form serine which can combine with methionine to form cysteine.  Serine is also in equilibrium with glycine (for purine/pyrimidine synthesis)
Term
alpha-ketoglutarate
Definition

can form glutamate via glutamate dehydrogenase which can be used to make arginine (through the urea cycle), proline, and glutamine.

 

Can also form arginine through glutamate, though not in sufficient amounts to support growth.

Term
phenylalanine
Definition
can form tyrosine via a hydroxylase of severe importance in PKU.
Term
Ribose 5-phosphate
Definition
can make histidine; but not in sufficient amounts to support growth.
Term
Short lived N end rule
Definition

Asp, Arg, Leu, Lys, and Phe

 

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Term
Long-lived N-Rule
Definition

Ala, Gly, Met, Ser, Thr and Val

 

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Term
PEST
Definition
very short lived protein sequence Pro, Glu, Ser, and Thr.
Term
Name the Essential Amino Acids
Definition

Arginine

Histidine (growth)

Isoleucine

Leucine

Tryptophan

Lysine (double need in elderly)

Methionine (double in elderly)

Phenylalanine (tyrosine in PKU patients)

Threonine

Valine

 

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Term
Amino acids used in the synthesis of Creatinine
Definition
Glycine, Arginine and Methionine.
Term
The required cofactor for all amino transferase reactions.
Definition
Pyridoxal-P (a derivative of vitamin B6)
Term
The differential methods of transporting nitrogen to the liver for excretion in muscle and in most other tissues.
Definition

Transamination of pyruvate to alanine for muscle.

Transamination of alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamine synthesis in most other tissues.

Term
Name the purely ketogenic amino acids, and the amino acids which are both glucogenic and ketogenic.
Definition

Ketogenic: Lysine and Leucine.

 

Both: Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Isoleucine, Tryptophan.

 

All other amino acids are purely glucogenic.

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