Term
| What is the MOA of aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
binds to the 30s subunit
interfears wit the initiation codon
causes misreading of the code |
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Term
| Name the drugs in the aminoglycosides family? |
|
Definition
Gentamyocin,
Streptomycin
Neomycin |
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Term
| How is resistance developed against aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
1. Transferase enzyme
2. defective entry in to the cell
3. 30s ribosomal subunit may be altered |
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Term
Which drugs have the boradest spectrum of action in aminoglycosides?
Why? |
|
Definition
Amikacin
Netilmycin
- they are resistant to the transferase enzyme |
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Term
What is the ROA for aminoglycosides?
what does this drug demonstrate? |
|
Definition
Paretnerally - poor absorbption orally
aminoglycosides show
Post antibiotic effect & Concentration dependent killing |
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Term
What are the ADR's of aminoglycosides?
Why? |
|
Definition
Nephrotoxicity - decrease in GFR
Ototoxicity - loss of high pitch then low.. loss of hearing ... then nausea, vomiting dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus & vertigo
(they have high concentrations in the otic perilymph & renal cortical tissue)
NMJ blockade - if going under GA - rep collapse |
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Term
What is the spectrum of action of aminoglycosides?
Why? |
|
Definition
Gram - ve aerobic bacilli
(the drug accumulates intracellularly via oxygen dependent uptake thus it is useless against anaerobes) |
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Term
| What antibiotic is used to treat P. aeruginosa? |
|
Definition
Aminoglycoside + B-lactum
demonstrates synergistic action |
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Term
| Which aminoglycoside is used to treat TB? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the NMJ blockade caused by aminoglycosides reversed? |
|
Definition
| Calcium & neostegmine is adminstered |
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Term
| WHat increases the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| Nephrotoxicity causes a decrease in GFR, this allows more of the drug to be in circulation leading to increased toxicity - hence increased ototoxicity |
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Term
| What is used in Hepatic coma, how is it administered and why? |
|
Definition
| Neomycin - orally, as it decrease the amount of ammonia formed by the comatose patient. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hepatic coma - to reduce to production of ammonia |
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Term
| Which protein synthesis inhibitor is the only one to demonstrate bactericidal properties? |
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Definition
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