Term
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Definition
| -disease/lesions caused by Amyloid |
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Term
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Definition
| -an insoluble fibrillar protein that accumulates EXTRACELLULARLY |
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Term
| Why is amyloid called amyloid? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can we turn amyloid purple? |
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Definition
-it binds to potassium iodide
-then react it with a carbohydrate to change the color to purple (Serum Amyloid P) |
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Term
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Definition
| -formed from over-produced selected proteins that undergo proteolysis by macrophages resulting in misfolded, self-aggragating, insoluble, protein fibrils |
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Term
| There are 4 main types of amyloid precursor proteins for animals. What are they and which two are the most important? |
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Definition
-Acute phase proteins: Serum amyloid A (SAA)
-Islet amyloid protein
-Light chains of immunoglobulins
-Amiloid-beta precursor protein (APP)
-SAA and islet amyloid protein are the most important |
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Term
| In what type of cases are acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A) seen? Where in the body? |
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Definition
-seen in familial amyloidosis and chronic inflammation
-seen in liver and kidney |
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Term
| Where do islet amyloid proteins come into play? |
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Definition
| -pancreatic islets of old and/or diabetic cats |
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Term
| With what other issues do light chains of immunoglobulins present as an amyloid precursor protein? |
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Definition
| -seen with plasma cell or other lymphoid origin tumors |
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Term
| What is amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP)? Is it ever an incidental finding? |
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Definition
-a neural cell membrane protein that is the source of neural amyloid
-only an incidental finding in aged animals |
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Term
| What are acute phase proteins see in cases of chronic inflammation? |
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Definition
| -they are part of innate immunity because they bind nonspecifically to bacteria |
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Term
| What are the 4 common locations of amyloid? To whom do they apply? Which is the most common? |
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Definition
-Renal glomeruli: MOST COMMON; all animals
-Islets of Langerhans: cats
-Liver
-Brain: incidental in old dogs but it sheep, cattle, and deer with spongiform encephalopathies |
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Term
| What are the diagnostic characteristics of amyloids? |
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Definition
-grossly visible, organs with amyloid have a very pale, tan waxy appearance wherever the amyloid is deposited
-may stain dark purple to black with an iodine contining solution like Lugol's solution |
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Term
| Histologically describe amyloid infiltration. |
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Definition
-eosinophilic homogenous to ficrillar deposit
-fairly acellular causing atrophy of surrounding tissue
-can be stained with a special stain called "congo red" |
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Term
| When amyloid is stained with Congo Red, it will appear _______ under normal lights and ________ under polarized light. |
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Definition
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Term
| In what animals is familial amyloidosis common? |
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Definition
-Abyssinian and Siamese cats
-Shar-pei and Beagle dogs |
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Term
| What is renal amyloidosis? |
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Definition
-amyloid accumulates primarily in glomeruli as result of chronic inflammatory process
-usually idiopathic |
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Term
| What are the 2 main causes of glomerular disease and proteinuria? |
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Definition
-glomerular amyloidosis
-immune-complex glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| What happens to glomeruli when they undergo renal amyloidosis? |
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Definition
-become enlarged, pale, and visible with the naked eye
-become leaky causing proteinuria |
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Term
| Islet Amyloidosis is a common finding in the ____(organ)____ of ____(animal)____. |
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Definition
-pancreas
-old and/or diabetic cats |
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Term
| True or False: Lesions due to islet amyloidosis are grossly visible with Congo red staining. |
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Definition
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