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| In a general sense. Form is the means by which a literary work expresses it's content. In poetry, form is usually used to describe the design of the poem. |
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| A traditional verse form requiring certain predetermined elements of structure. Ex: a stanza pattern, set meter, or predetermined line length |
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| Poetry written in a patter of meter, rime, lines, or stanzas. Adheres to set structure |
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| Verse that has no set scheme. No regular meter, rime or stanzaic pattern. AKA Free Verse |
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| contains five iambic feet per line and is not rimed |
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| a two lined stanza in poetry, usually rimed and with lines of equal length |
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| Two rimed lines of iambic pentameter that usually contain an independent and complete though or statement. AKA heroic couplet |
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| a stanza consisting of four lines, it is the most common stanza form in English language poetry |
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| a long narrative poem tracing the adventures of a popular hero. Usually written in a consistent form and meter throughout |
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| A very short, comic poem, often turning at the end with some sharp wit or unexpected stinger |
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| A fixed form of fourteen lines, traditionally written in iambic pentameter and rimed throughout. |
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| AKA Petrarchan Sonnet. Rimes the octave (first and eighth lines) the sestet (the last six lines) may follow any rime pattern as long as it does not end in a couplet. The poem turns, or shifts in mood or tone after the octave. |
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| AKA Shakespearean Sonnet. Has the following rime scheme organized into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem may turn (shift the mood or tone) between any of the rime clusters. |
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| Placing a pair of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences side by side in agreement or similarity |
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| Poetic language printed in prose paragraphs, but displaying the careful attention to sound, imagery, and figurative language characteristic of poetry. |
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| A visual poetry composed exclusively for the page in which a picture or image is made of printed letters and words. Concrete poetry attempts to blur the line between language and visual objects, usually relying on puns and cleverness. |
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| Words that express general ideas or concepts |
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| indirect reference to any person, place or thing… fictitious, historical or actual. Acts as a literary short hand. |
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| a way of addressing someone or something invisible or not ordinarily spoken to |
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| The casual conversation or informal writing of literate people |
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| what we can immediately perceive with our senses (dog, chemical, actor, etc) |
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| overtones or suggestions of additional meaning that it gains from contexts. |
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| The contrast between a character's position or aspiration and the treatment he/she receives at the hands of a seemingly hostile fate. (aka irony of fate) |
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| a meaning as defined in the dictionary |
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| Vocabulary or word choice. Concrete instead of abstract (ex: diaper years instead of infancy) |
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| Poem written to state a message or teach a body of knowledge |
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| irony forms between contrasting levels of knowledge of the character and the audience. |
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| Written as a speech made by a character (not the author) at a decisive moment. |
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| uses the voice of an imaginary character, without narration by the author |
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| when the writer for the sake of freshness or emphasis departs from the usual denotations of words. |
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| the impersonal language of educate persons, usually only written, possibly spoken on dignified occasions. |
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| most literate speech and writing, more studied than colloquial but not pretentious. |
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| Japanese verse with 3 unrhymed lines of five, seven and five syllables. Often serious and spiritual in tone relying on imagery |
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| When the mask says one thing and the writer is in fact saying something else. |
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| a manner of speaking that implies a discrepancy. |
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| The contrast between a character's position or aspiration and the treatment he/she receives at the hands of a seemingly hostile fate. (aka irony of fate) |
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| A ladder is imagined, on hose rungs words, phrases, and sentences may be ranked in ascending order of formality. |
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| Short Poem expressing thoughts and feelings of a SINGLE SPEAKER |
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| a statement that one thing is something else. |
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| the name of a thing is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. (Ex: saying "The White House" instead of "The President" |
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| Combining two or more incompatible metaphors, resulting in ridiculousness or nonsense. |
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| Multi-Dimensional Communication |
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| mutual trust between the self and another, and is essential for communications as it includes inference and empathy of another's feelings as well as support of another's goals. |
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| Telling a story by relating a series of events |
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| Overstatement (hyperbole) |
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| Exaggeration used to emphasize a point |
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| A statement that first strikes one as self-contradictory but that one reflection reveals some deeper sense. (achieved by a play on words or a pun) |
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| Fictitious character, not the author. (same as Dramatic Poetry) |
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| a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal, or an abstract term is made human. (calling the wind…he for example. |
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| any language deemed suitable for verse, referring to elevated language intended for poetry rather than common writing. |
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| a play on words. Similar or identical sound but different denotation. |
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| When verbal irony is conspicuously bitter, heavy-handed, and mocking. |
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| Comic Poetry that conveys a message |
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| directly compares two different things, usually by employing the words "like", "as", or "than". |
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| Brief Condensation or Gist |
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| The use of a part of a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice versa. (Ex: lending a hand when actually helping out with your entire presence) |
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| Recurring Subject or idea |
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| Attitude toward the person addressed |
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| Implying more than is said. |
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| A mode of expression in which the speaker or writer says the opposite of what is really meant. |
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| Regular Rhythm ending in Rimes |
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| Speech not affected by schooling, the lowest level of diction |
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| a particular variety of language spoken by an identifiable regional group or social class of persons |
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| suggests things seen. A word or sequence of words that refer to any sensory experience |
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| A word or series of words that refer to any sensory experience (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) |
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| a metaphor that uses neither a connector nor the verb to be. |
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| an artificial word that combines parts of other words to express some combination of their qualities (Brunch= Breakfast and Lunch) |
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| a perception of roughness or smoothness |
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