Cattle

Cycle Length: 6-12 months

Gestation: 9 months

Cycle Type: polyestrous

Dog

C.Length-6-12 months

Gest.-2 months

C. Type- mostly monoestrous

Goat

C. Length: 19-21 days

Gest: 5 months

C. Length: seasonal polyestrous (fall)

Horse

C. Length: 19-21 days

Gest: 11 months

C. type: seasonal polyestrous (spring)

Cat

C. Length: 14-21 days

Gest: 2 months

C. Type: induced (presence of a male cat) (jan-oct)

Sheep

C. Lenght: 15-17 days

Gest.: 5 months

C. Type: Seasonal Polyestrous (fall/...)

Pig

C. Length 19-21 days

Gest.: 3 M 3 W 3 D

C. Type: polyestrous

pregnancy

(progesterone)

specific time of mating receptivity in farm animals

(estrogen directed)

stomach- small for animal's size

cecum- significant digestion absorption and 50% of tract capacity

founder- allergic laminitis from over-consumption of curbs

colic- pain in digestive sytem

mouth- no teeth or chewing

crop- moistening gland within esophagus

proventricular- acid enzyme stomach

ventriculus- grinding stomach (gizzard)

ceca- two well-developed structures (no work done here)

cloaca- common grinding area (appendix)

compound stomach system

exp: sheep, cattle, wildebeast, bison

mouth: lack upper incisor (they just gnash)

stomach:

1) reticulum-initiation, microbial digestion

2) rumen- microbial digestion; absorption is at its greatest at the rumen

3) omasum- limited activity

4) abomastum- digestion from host enzymes (like human stomach)

*esophageal groove or rumenoreticular groove

ruminant

bloating- trapped gas in cows

Canis Familiaris

Domesticated 1st (12,000 years ago)

Traveled to America with Humans

Breed: 2 years

Litter Size: 1-12 (usually 4-6)

Weaning: 4-6 weeks

Puberty (male, female): 6-9, 6-24 months

Parturition: Whelping

Breeding: Copulating

Felis domestica

Domesticated: 6,000-10,000 years ago

From African wildcat or bush cat

Breeding: one years

Litter size: 3-5

Weaning: 4-6 weeks

Puberty (male, female): 8-9, 4-9 months

Parturition: Littering

Breeding: Mating

Temperature control: 2 weeks

Vision: 2 weeks

Hearing: 3+ weeks

Sitting: 2 weeks

Standing: 3 weeks

Walking: 3+ weeks

socialization to dogs/cats: 3-8 weeks

Socialization to humans: 3-16 weeks

Fear Period: 8-10 weeks

nonruminant

preformed protein and simple carbs

can consume high levels of fat

NO TABLE SCRAPS

Equus caballus

Came and left and Came with Columbus

Breed: Four years (until a Mare (sexually mature female)

Litter size: one (twin-0.5%)

Weaning: 3-6 months (take mare away; not foal)

Parturition: Foaling (after: colostrum, navel dip in iodine, lip tatoo, imprinting

Breeding: Covering

Pony- <15 hands

Light- 15 hands>

Draft- 17 hands

Pigs (Life cycle and History)

sus scrofa (european), sus indicus (asiatic)

domesticated 8,500 years ago; came with Columbus

breeding: 5-6 months

Weaning: trad.: 3 weeks- 1 month

proliferate (quickly can alter population)

generation interval: 5 years

After birth (coupling): colostrum, iron shots, clip needle teeth, i.d. (notches in ear), dock tails

nutrition: high protein for piglets and sow

Castrated Male: Barrow

Castrated Female: Spayed

Mature Male: Boar

Mature Female: Sow

Young Male: Shoat

Young Female: Gilt

Newbown: Piglet

Parturition: Farrowing

Chicken: Gallus gallus or Gallas domesticus

Domesticated: 7,000 years ago

broiler- heavily muscled (Cornish)

layer- light muscled; high reproductive rate (white leghorn)

cycle hens: rest period of 4-6 weeks (molt) followed by a 2nd laying period; (recycling) 6-9 month laying period (larger eggs)

salvage hens: after second laying (chicken noodle soup)

native to america

2 mutations: white feather mutation

broad breasted bronze mutation (couldn't fly away anymore)

smooth trimming: tissue that's on top of beak; and cut it at a early age

Bos taurus and indicus

Dairy:

Came to america: jamestown (1611)

2000s: Holstein 90% of Dairy Production

Stayed around civilization (wis, penn, calif.)

1st was used as triple purpose (meat, milk, work)

Wean: 1st day, colostrum, castrated, navel dip, wan from milk at one month

pre selected via planned meetting

AI organizations/ "bull studs" predominate

very few bull calves selected

feedlot performance NOT tested (USA)

Replacement Female: bred at 15 months

First Calf- 24 months (Mother's age)

12 month calving cycle:

90 days- rebreed

10 months- lactation "305 day" standard

Mature Male: Bull

Mature: Female: Cow

Young male: Bullock

Young female: Heifer

Newborn: Calf

Unsexed male: Steer

Unsexed female: Spayed

Breeding: Serving

Parturition: Calving

Mature Male: Stallion

Mature Female: Mare

Young male: Colt

Young female: Filly

Newborn: Foal

Unsexed male: Gelding

Unsexed female: Spayed

Breeding: Covering

Parturition: Foaling