Term
| List the five special senses |
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Definition
| olfaction,gustation,equilibrium,hearing,sight |
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Term
| Describe the receptors for each special sense. |
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Definition
Gustation-taste receptors/gustatory rec.
Olfaction-dendrites of special neurons
Equilibrium-hair cells
hearing- hair cells
sight- photo receptors |
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Term
| Describe the location and structure of olfactory organ and the olfactory pathway. |
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Definition
Olfaction-sense of smell
located in the nasal cavity on either side of nasal septum
Chemical dissolves>binds to olfactory hair receptors>NA enters call and causes depolarization> AP travels along olfactory nerve to olfactory bulb>travels along olfactory tract>olfactory cortex |
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Term
| Describe the structure/location of taste buds including the cellular make up and the gustatory pathway |
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Definition
Distributed over the superior surface of the tongue and part of the pharynx and larynx.
Chemical dissolves in saliva>leak through channel or binds to receptors on gustatory hairs>gustatory cells release NT> sensory neuron depolarizes>AP travels to 1 of 3 cranial nerves> sensory neurons synapse with 2nd order neuron in medulla and travels to thalamus>3rd order carries to gustatory cortex |
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Term
| Describe the structures and general function different parts of the ear |
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Definition
External ear-visible, collects and directs sound waves toward the middle ear
middle ear-"tympanic cavity" air-filled chamber seperated from the external acoustic meatus by the ympanic membrane& is connected to the pharynx by the auditory tube
internal ear-contains the sensory organs for hearing an equ. ,receives amplified sound waves from the middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
| hairs distort>NT is released and binds to sensory neurons>signal travels down vestibulocochlear nerve> heads down to medulla>goes to 1 of 4 places(autonomic signals to eyes, cerebellum, head neck and eyes, peripheral muscle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Auricle collects sound and travels down external acoustic meatus>tympanic membrane vibrates>ossicles vibrate>pressure changes in perilymph>waves distort basilar membrane>causes hair cells to bend>activates sensory neuron>carry signals down vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear> arrives at medulla>pons>midbrain>thalamus>auditory cortex |
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Term
| trace the pathway of light through the eye |
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Definition
| cornea>anterior chamber(aqueous humor)>iris w/ pupil>posterior chamber(vitreous humor)>lens>posterior cavity>retina |
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Term
| sight of light refraction in the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare/contrast rods and cones |
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Definition
RODS-black and white,in the periphery,sensitive to light,dim light,less sharp,1 type
CONES-color,in the fovea,less sensitive,bright light,sharp image,3 types B,G,R |
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Term
| Describe the visual pathway |
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Definition
| photo receptor> bipolarcells > ganglion cells >optic nerve > optic chiasm > optic tract > thalamus > visual cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| transportation of dissolved gasses,nutrients,hormones, and metabolic wastes;regulate pH;restrict fluid loss; defend against toxins and pathogens; stabalize body temp |
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Term
| Describe the components of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of the formed elements of blood |
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Definition
platelets-help blood clotting
WBC-fight against pathogens
RBC-essential for blood oxygen transport |
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Term
| types of white blood cells and their function |
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Definition
neutrophils-engulf pathogens,injured or infected tissues
eosinophils-phagocytosis,secrete cytoxic enzymes
basophils-abundant in allergic reactions
lymphocyte-provide defense against specific pathogens and toxins
monocytes- works during infection,responds to inflammation |
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Term
| Describe how A and B and Rh antigens determine blood types. |
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Definition
| Whichever antigens you have on the surface determines what blood type you are so if you have A antigens and rH antigens then you are A+ and if you just have B antigens then you are B- |
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Term
| Describe the process of hemostasis(3 phases) including the more detailed reaction sequence of blood clotting |
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Definition
Vascular phase-the endothelial cells contract and expose basement membrane to blood stream,endothelins are released and vessel becomes sticky to help the platelets stick for the beginning of next phase
Platelet phase-blood clotting, platelets stick to endothelial surface
Coagulation phase- converting fibrinogen to fibrin,blood clotting to seal injury |
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Term
| Describe any blood disorders discussed in class |
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Definition
anemia- deficiency of vitamin B12,iron,calcium ions
sickle cell anemia- cells become starved for oxygen
hemophilia-reduced production of a single clotting factor, inherited bleeding disorders |
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Term
| Describe any blood disorders discussed in class |
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Definition
anemia- deficiency of vitamin B12,iron,calcium ions
sickle cell anemia- cells become starved for oxygen
hemophilia-reduced production of a single clotting factor, inherited bleeding disorders |
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Term
| Describe the two circuits of blood vessels and the circulation pathway through circuits |
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Definition
pulmonary circuit-carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lung
systemic circuit-transports blood to the rest of the body |
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Term
| Describe and identify the structure of each layer of arteries and veins and the 3 types of capillaries |
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Definition
tunica intima-innermost layer of a blood vessels
tunica media-the middle layer conatins sheets of smooth muscle for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
tunica externa-outermost layer, is a connective tissue sheath
3 types of capillaries- continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids |
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Term
| Identify the 5 general classes of blood vessels and structure and function of each |
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Definition
arteries-carry blood away from the heart
arterioles-smallest arterial branch
capillaries- arterioles move blood to here,diffusion occurs between blood and interstitial fluid
venules- capillaries send blood here
veins- collects blood from venules |
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Term
| Compare/contrast arteries,veins, and capillaries |
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Definition
capillaries-capillary walls are thin to permit exchange
veins the tunica media is surrounded by a thick tunica externa
arteries- elastic to constrict and dilate |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism that assist in venous return |
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Definition
| pressure gradient-Pressure at the point where the vena cavae enter the rt. atrium called CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE. |
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Term
| Describe the importance of the coronary circulation |
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Definition
| it supplies that blood to the muscle tissue of the heart |
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Term
| pathway of blood through the heart |
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Definition
| superior/inferior vena cava>right atrium>tricuspid valve> pulmonary semilunar valves>pulmonary arteries>lungs>pulmonary veins> left ventricle> bicuspid>left atrium>aortic semilunar valve>aorta |
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Term
| Describe the function of the heart and the heart valves |
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Definition
heart valves prevent blackflow
heart pumps blood throughout the body |
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Term
| describe the cardiac cycle |
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Definition
| relaxation>atrial contract>ventricles contract>relaxation |
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Term
| trace the conduction pathway |
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Definition
1. SA node fires
2.excitation spreads through atrial myocardium
3.AV node fires
4. excitation spreads down AV bundle
5. Pukinje fibers distribute excitation through ventricular myocardium. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta each minute CO=HRXSV |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction SV=EDV-ESV |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of heartbeats per minute |
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Term
| P wave on an electrocardiogram |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| ventricular depolarization |
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Term
| T wave on an electrocardiogram |
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
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Term
| P-R interval on an electrocardiogram |
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Definition
| start of atrial depolarization, start of ventricular depolarization |
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Term
| Q-T interval on an electrocardiogram |
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Definition
| Start of events in ventricle- when ventricle has been repolarized |
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Term
| Describe the relationship between blood pressure, peripheral resistance and blood flow |
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Definition
| increased blood pressure results in increased blood flow ... increased resistance results in decreased flow |
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Term
| Describe baroreceptor reflex and chemoreceptor reflex |
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Definition
baroreceptor reflex-responds to changes in blood pressure
chemoreceptor reflex-respond to changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, or pH levels in blood and CSF |
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Term
| List the main functions of the lymphatic system |
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Definition
| defend the body against infection, illness, and disease and returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream |
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Term
| what are the main components of the lymphatic system |
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Definition
| lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, appendix |
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Term
| Describe the difference between primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and organs. Give examples of each |
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Definition
primary-where lymphocytes are formed and matured ex.red bone marrow and the thymus gland
secondary-where lymphocytes are activated and cloned(production of identical and cellular copies ex.lymph nodes,tonsils,MALT,appendix, and spleen |
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Term
| Describe the flow through the lymphatic vessels |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
surround by fibrous capsule;kidney bean shape
functions as filter for lymph |
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Term
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Definition
produce hormones important in T-cells development
size and secretory abilities decline with age |
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Term
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Definition
largest lymph organ
fibrous capsule surrounding white and red pulp functions
removes abnormal RBC's by phagocytosis>stores iron
B and T cells initiate a response to antigens in blood |
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Term
| identify the 2 branches of immunity and describe each |
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Definition
innate-these defenses, which are present at birth,provide a defensive capability known as nonspecific resistance
adaptive-protect against particular threats. |
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Term
| List the components/processes of innate immunity and briefly describe each. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Distinguish between active and passive immunity as well as naturally and artificially acquired immunity |
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Definition
active-Develops in response to antigen exposure
Passive-Produced by transfer of antibodies from another source |
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Term
| Describe MHC proteins and the differences between the two classes of MHC proteins |
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Definition
MHC proteins-always present in the membranes of all nucleated cells
MHC2-are present only in the membranes of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes |
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Term
| Describe the structure of antibodies and list the mechanisms by which antibodies may destroy an antigen |
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Definition
| They can destroy antigens by: neutralization, prevention of pathogen adhesion,activation of complement, precipitation and agglutination,stimulation of inflammation, attraction of phagocytes, opsonization |
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Term
| List the functions of the respiratory system |
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Definition
| surface area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood, transport of air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs along the respiratory passageways,protection of respiratory surfaces from dehydration,temp changes,or environmental variations,and invasions of pathogens, produces sound,facilitating the detection of olfactory stimuli in the superior portions of the nasal cavity |
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Term
| Describe the divisions of the respiratory system |
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Definition
the upper respiratory-nose,nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses,pharynx
the lower respiratory-larynx,trachea,bronchus,bronchioles,alveoli |
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Term
|
Definition
| branches into 2 primary bronchi |
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|
Term
|
Definition
surrounded by a plueral cavity, 2 lobes
3 main parts apex,base,hilum |
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Term
| Describe the structure and function of alveoli including the components of the respiratory membrane |
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Definition
| air sacs at the end of the conducting passageway .gas exchange occurs across the respiratory membrane at each alveolus |
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Term
|
Definition
| also called the voice box |
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Term
|
Definition
| air>external nares>nasal cavity>internal nares>nasopharynx>soft pallate>oropharynx>hyoid bone>laryngopharynx>*upper<>lower*Larynx>trachea>primary bronchi>secondary bronchi>tertairy bronchi>bronchioles>terminal bronchioles*conducting zone<>respiratory zone*respiratory bronchioles>alveolar ducts>alveolar sacs>alveoli |
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Term
| identify and describe the 4 important processes involved in respiration making sure to identify muscles involved,relationship to partial pressure, relationship to boyle's law and transport mechanisms associated with the appropriate process |
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Definition
internal respiration,external respiration,ventilation,transport of gases
if volume increases the pressure decreases-boyle's law |
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Term
| organs/structures of the GI tract or accessory organs |
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Definition
major organs-oral cavity,pharynx,esophagus, stomach,small intestine, large intestine
accessory organs-teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
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Term
| List and describe the four layers that form the wall of the digestive tract and how it changes down the tract |
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Definition
four layers-(most superficial-deepest)mucosa,submucosa, muscularis externa,serosa(visceral peritoneum)
the upper part of the tract has smooth muscle for peristalsis to get the food down the tract and slowly transitions to simple stratified for absorption |
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Term
| List and describe the major processes occurring in the digestive tract and where each occur |
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Definition
oral cavity-ingestion,mechanical breakdown(mastification,digestion,secretion(saliva)
Pharynx-" "
Esophagus-" "
stomach-mech. break down(segmentation), digestion, secretion, (HcL & Es), some absorption
small intestine- mech. breakdown(segmentation),digestion,secretion,(ES),absorption
large intestine- some absorption(h2o & nutrients),compaction and defacation |
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Term
| identify the hormones released from the adrenal gland (regions that release them,functions,classes,target cells) |
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Definition
| corticosteroids>adrenal gland-adrenal cortex for metabollic regulation |
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Term
| Describe the reason why the pancreas is considered an exocrine and endocrine gland |
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Definition
exocrine pancreas-clusters of gland cells and their attached ducts-secrete large amounts of an alkaline enzyme rich fluid that reaches the lumen
endocrine pancreas-endocrine clusters (pancreatic islets) only 1%,but vital for body |
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Term
| identify the hormones released from the pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how glucose levels in the blood are regulated by hormones |
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Definition
| when blood glucose ^, beat cells secrete insulin>stimulates transport of glucose across plasma membrane & into target cells. when it decreases alpha cells secrete glucagon > stimulate glycogen breakdown and glucose released by liver |
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Term
| Identify the hormone released from the pineal gland |
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Definition
| melatonin-decreased during the day,^ at night.inhibits reproductive functions,protect against damage,setting day /night cycles |
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Term
| Describe the signs of diabetes mellitus and the different types of diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
signs-glucose appears in urine, and urine volume increases
type1-insulin dependent
type2-produce insulin but tissues don't accept it |
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Term
| List and describe the four possible hormone interactions |
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Definition
antagonistic-opposing effects
additive- net result more than just one would by itself
permissive-1st hormone is neede to produce second
integrative- different but compliment each other |
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Term
| Describe the hormones involved in maintain long-term regulation of blood pressure and blood volume |
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Definition
| pituitary and adrenal glands, but also endocrine cells in heart and kidneys |
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Term
| Describe the phase and list the hormones involved in the stress response. |
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Definition
1.alarm phase(fight or flight)-immediate response to occur
2.resistance phase-lasts longer than a few hours
3.exhaustion phase-can't last longer than a few months. will break down body |
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Term
| name the cell types in the gastric glands and the substance(s) secreted by each |
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Definition
parietal cells-secrete intrinsic factor which facilitates the absorption of vitamin b12
chief cells-secrete pepsinogen>pepsin,renin,gastric lipase
G cells-produces gastrin,secretin,gastric inhibitory peptide,cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide |
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Term
| List and describe the five hormones involved with regulation of digestive activities |
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Definition
gastrin-increase stomach motility and stimulating gastric acid and enzyme production(churning)
secretin-released when chyme enters the duodenum,increase in secrete of bile,icrease pH of bile
Gastric inhibitory peptide(GIP)-secreted when fats and carbs,especially glucose, enter the small intestine,stimulation of insulin release at the islets
Cholecystokinin(CCK)-secreted when chyme reaches the duodenum, when chyme contains lipids and partially digested proteins,accelerates the production and secretion of all types of digestive enzymes in pancreas
vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)-stimulates the secretion of intestinal glands,dilates regional cappilaries,and inhibits acid production in the stomach,removes absorbed nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| all chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
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Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of organic substrates in the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| the synthesis of new organic molecules |
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Term
| Compare/contrast the absorptive and postabsorptive states |
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Definition
absorptive state-is the time following a mea, when nutrient absorption is under way
post-is the time when nutrient absorption is not under way and your body must rely on internal energy reserves continue meeting its energy demands |
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Term
| Describe how appetite is controlled |
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Definition
| Satiety center,several hormones of the digestive tract including CCK, suppresses appetite during the absorptive state.Stimulation of stretch receptors along the digestive tract, especially in the stomach,causes a sense of satiation and suppresses appetite |
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Term
| Describe the 4 primary mechanisms of heat transfer and associate these with the responses to high or low BT. |
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Definition
Radiation-objects warmer than the environment lose heat from the sun,you are detecting that radiation
Evaporation-absorbs energy and cools the surface where evaporation occurs
Convection-heat loss to the cooler air that moves across the surface of your body
Conduction-direct transfer of energy through physical contact |
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Term
| functions of the urinary system |
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Definition
| adjusts blood volume and pressure, regulates blood plasma concentrations of NA+,K+,Cl-,& other ions,,stabilizing blood pH, conserving valuable nutrients by preventing their loss in urine, removing drugs and toxins from the bloodstream |
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|
Term
| structure and function of the main components of the urinary system |
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Definition
kidneys-produce urine
ureters-transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
urinary bladder-stores urine before it is eliminated through urethra
urethra-conducts urine to the exterior |
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Term
| Describe the structure and processes that occur in the nephron |
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Definition
renal corpuscle(contains glomerulus)-filtration
PCT-responsible for reabsorbing nutrients from the filtrate
nephron loop-water reabsorption from tubular fluid in the nephron and collecting ducts
DCT-secretion and reabsorption
collecting duct-secreting and reabsorbing
papillary duct-collects tubular fluid from multiple collecting ducts and delivers to minor calyx |
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Term
| Distinguish between obligatory and falcultative water reabsorption |
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Definition
obligatory-usually recovers 85% of the volume the filtrate produces
facultative- how much water in the remaining tubular fluid is reabsorbed is controlled by this processes |
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Term
| define micturition and describe its neural control |
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Definition
| process of urination,a complex process involving both a local reflex pathway and a central pathway through the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| water content of food, water consumed as liquid, metabolic water produced during catabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
| urination, evaporation of skin, evaporation at lungs, loss in feces |
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Term
| identify the most abundant cation in the ECF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most abundant anion in the ECF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most abundant cation in the ICF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most abundant anion in the ICF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| compare the different mechanisms of intercellular communication |
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Definition
direct-through gap junctions
paracrine-through ECF
endocrine-through the bloodstream
synaptic-across synapses |
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Term
| identify differences between and similarities between the nervous system and the endocrine system |
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Definition
| the nervous system secretes neurotransmitters and their destinations are close,the endocrine system secretes hormones and the target cells are in a different organ |
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Term
| identify the different classes of hormones based on chemical structure. |
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Definition
| 1.amino acid derivatives(thyroid hormones)ex.thyroxine,(catecholamines)ex.epinephrine,(tryptophan derivatives)ex.melatonin |
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|
Term
| identify the organs that play a main roll in the endocrine system |
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Definition
hypothalamus-secretes hormones involved with fluid balance
pituitary gland-secretes multiple hormones that regulate the endocrine activities
thyroid gland-secretes hormones that affect metabolic rate and calcium ion levels in the body fluids
adrenal glands-secrete hormones involved with mineral balance, metabolic control, and resistance to stress
pancreas-secrete hormones regulating the rate of glucose uptake and utilization by body tissues
pineal gland-secretes melatonin,which affects reproductive functions, and day and night rhythms
parathyroid glands-secrete a hormone important to the regulation of calcium ion levels in body fluids |
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Term
| identify the organs that play a secondary role in the endocrine system |
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Definition
| heart,thymus,digestive tract,kidneys,gonads |
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Term
| identify the hormone classes that have intracellular receptors and extracellular or plasma membrane bound receptors |
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Definition
catecholamines,peptide hormones, and eicosanoids-in the plasma membranes of their target cells .binding hormone with its receptor on a target cell doesn't produce a direct effect on its intracellular activities
steroids-diffuse across the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
thyroid hormones-primarily transported across the plasma membrane |
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Term
| briefly described how the hypothalamus integrates the nervous and endocrine systems |
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Definition
1.hypothalamus neurons synthesize 2 hormones ADH and OXT and transport them along axons within the infundibulum to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
2.the hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones control the secretory activities of endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
3.the hypothalamus contains autonomic centers that exert direct neural control over the endocrine cells of the adrenal medullae. When the sympathetic division is activated,the adrenal medullae are stimulated directly and immediately |
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Term
| Describe the connections between the hypothalamus and the anterior and posterior lobe of the pituitary |
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Definition
| the hypothalamus secretes hormones that helps the posterior and anterior pituitary secrete and secretory activities in the endocrine cells |
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Term
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Definition
| "turn on" or support the function of other organs |
|
|
Term
| identify the hormones released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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Definition
ADH,antiduiretic hormone-kidneys are the target cells
OXT-Oxytocin-the uterus is the target cells |
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|
Term
| identify the hormones released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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Definition
TSH,Thyroid stimulating hormone-thyroid are the target cells
ACTH-adrenocorticotropic hormone-adrenal cortex are the target cells
FSH,follicle stimulating hormone-stimulates the ovary
LH,lutenizing hormone-stimulates the testis
GH,growth hormone-stimulates the musculoskeleton system
PRL,prolactin-stimulates the mammary glands
MSH,melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulates the melanocytes of the skin |
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|
Term
| describe how hormones released is regulated |
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Definition
| it is a negative feedback system, in TSH as circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones rise, the rate of TRH and TSH production falls |
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|
Term
| describe the location and characteristics of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| curves across the anterior surface of the trachea just inferior to the thyroid,shaped like a shield |
|
|
Term
| identify the hormones released from the thyroid glands |
|
Definition
| thyroxine or T4,triiodothyronine or T3 |
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Term
| describe the location and characteristics of the parathyroid gland and what hormones are released |
|
Definition
| embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone which increases in Ca2+ concentration in body fluids |
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|
Term
| Describe how calcium levels in the blood are regulated by hormones |
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Definition
| the thyroid gland produces calcitonin when increase in calcium levels and the parathyroid gland secretes PTH when decrease in blood calcium levels |
|
|
Term
| identify the main ways hydrogen ions are produced and elimniation from the body |
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Definition
| active tissues continuously generate CO2 which evently forms hydrogen ions,buffer sytsems store hydrogen, the kidneys play a key role in secreting hydrogen ions into the urine |
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|
Term
| how does hydrogen ion concentration correlate with pH |
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Definition
| the negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution |
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|
Term
| Why is pH regulation important |
|
Definition
| any deviation from the normal range is dangerous,because the change in H+ concentrations disrupt the stability of plasma membranes,alter the structure of proteins, and change the activities of important enzymes |
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|
Term
| what is the most important factor affecting pH in the body and explain how it affects pH |
|
Definition
| the partial pressure of CO2 in blood is the most important factor affecting the pH of body tissues because carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the only ICF buffer system that can have immediate effect on the body fluids |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| phosphate buffer system, protein buffer system (hemoglobin,amino acid, plasma proteins buffer systems) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system and protein buffer system(hemoglobin,plasma protein,amino acid) |
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|
Term
| Describe the cause of metabolic acidosis and the responses that your body would use to restore pH |
|
Definition
| develops when large number of H+ are released by organic or fixed acids,and the pH decreases. to get back to normal the H+ ions get eliminated through urination |
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|
Term
| Describe the cause of metabolic alkalosis and the responses that your body would use to restore pH |
|
Definition
| develops when large number of H+ are removed from body fluids,resulting in rise in pH.The rate of H+ secretion throught the kidneys decrease,tubule cells don't reclaim the bicarbonates in tubular fluid,and the collecting systems transport HCO3- into tubular fluid while releasing a strong acid(HCl) into the ECF |
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|
Term
| Describe the cause of respiratory acidosis and the responses that your body would use to restore pH |
|
Definition
| when the rate of CO2 generation exceeds the rate of CO2 removal.You hyperventilate>increased pCO2 results in decrease of pH>respiratory compensation,renal compensation>decreased Pco2,decreased H+ & increased HCO3->blood pH returns to normal |
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|
Term
| Describe the cause of respiratory alkalosis and the responses that your body would use to restore pH |
|
Definition
| CO2 elimination exceeds the rate of CO2 generation.hyperventilation>decreased Pco2 results in an increased blood pH>respiratory compensation,renal compensation)>increased Pco2,increased H+ and decreased HCO3->blood pH returns to normal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when the pH of blood decreases 7.35 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the pH of blood increases above 7.45 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physiological state that happens during alkalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physiological state that occurs during acidemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the generation of CO2 equals the elimination the rate of CO2 |
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