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| building up, or synthesis, reactions that require energy & make complex molecules from smaller ones |
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| standard reference position for the body |
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| study of body structure & the relationships of its parts |
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| reactions that break down complex molecules into two or more smaller ones with the release of energy |
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| process by which cells become structurally and functionally specialized |
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| a normal stable condition in which the body's internal environment remains the same; constant internal environment |
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| the total of all biochemical reactions that take place in the body; includes anabolism & catabolism |
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| a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus |
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| study of the functions of living organisms and their parts |
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| toward or in the direction of |
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| process of recording a picture or record |
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| a word formed from the initial letters of the successive parts of a compound term |
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| a disease that has a sudden onset, severe symptoms, and a short duration |
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| a disease that continues over a long time, showing little change in symptoms |
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| identification of a disease; determination of the cause and nature of a disease |
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| name of a disease, structure, operation or procedure that is based on the name of an individual, usually the person who discovered or described it first |
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| prediction of the course of a disease & the recovery rate |
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| partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without achieving a cure |
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| evidence of disease, such as fever, that can be observed, measured, or evaluated by someone other than the patient |
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| evidence of disease, such as pain or headache, that can only be observed or evaluated by the patient |
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| a combination of signs & symptoms occurring together that characterize a specific disease |
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| a part is above another part, or closer to the head |
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| a part is below another part, or closer to the feet |
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| a part is toward the back |
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| toward, or nearer, the midline of the body |
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| toward, or nearer, the side, away from the midline |
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| closer to the point of attachment, or closer to the trunk of the body, than is another part |
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| a part is further away from a point of attachment than is another part |
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| a part is located on or near the surface |
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| internal organs or the covering of the organs |
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| refers to the wall of a body cavity |
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| lengthwise cut that divides the body into right & left portions |
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| sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body |
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Definition
horizontal plane (perpendicular to the sagittal plane) that cuts across the body horizontally to divide it into superior & inferior portions;
sections cut this way are often called cross sections |
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Definition
divides the body into anterior & posterior portions (perpendicular to both the sagittal & transverse planes);
sometimes called the coronal plane |
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Definition
divided into the cranial cavity (which contains the brain) & the spinal cavity (which contains the spinal cord)
*the cranial & spinal cavities join together to form a continuous space |
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Definition
divided into the thoracic cavity (which contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, & trachea) & the superior abdominal cavity (which contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, & most of the intestines) & inferior pelvic cavity (contains rest of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder & internal reproductive organs)
*the superior abdominal cavity & inferior pelvic cavity are together called the abdominopelvic cavity
*thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity are separated by the muscular diaphragm |
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| nine abdominopelvic regions |
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Definition
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| consists of the head, neck & trunk (or torso, which includes the thorax, abdomen & pelvis) |
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| arm; proximal portion of upper limb |
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| forearm; region between elbow & wrist; antebrachial |
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| thigh; part of lower extremity between hip & knee |
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| depressed region between abdomen & thigh; groin |
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| portion of lower extremity between knee & foot; also called crural region |
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| region of lower back & side between lowest rib & pelvis |
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| inferior region of abdominopelvic cavity |
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| region between anus and pubis symphysis; includes region of external reproductive organs |
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| posterior region between hip bones |
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| anterior midline of thorax |
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| chest; part of trunk inferior to neck and superior to diaphragm |
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| naval; middle region of abdomen |
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| pertaining to spinal columb; backbone |
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Definition
a substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions;
a proton donor;
a substance with a pH less than 7.0 |
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Definition
| the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element |
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Definition
a substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen (OH-) ions or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions;
a proton acceptor;
a substance with a pH greater than 7.0 |
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Definition
| a substance that prevents, or reduces, changes in pH when either an acid or a base is added |
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Definition
an organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen; with the hydrogen & oxygen present in a 2:1 ratio;
examples: sugar, starch, cellulose |
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| a substance formed from two or more elements joined by chemical bonds in a definite, or fixed, ratio; smallest unit of a ___ is a molecule |
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| chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons |
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| simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means |
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| chemical bond that is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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| atoms of a given element that have different numbers of neutrons and consequently, different atomic weights |
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| a class of organic compounds that includes oils, fats, and related substances |
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Definition
a particle composed of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together;
smallest unit of a compound |
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Definition
| an organic compound that contains nitrogen & consists of chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
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| an isotope with an unstable atomic nucleus that decomposes, releasing energy or atomic particles |
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| a substance that is dissolved in a solution |
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| fluid in which substances dissolve |
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| electrically charged atom or group of atoms; an atom that has gained or lost an electron |
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positively charged ion
(lost an electron) |
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a negatively charged ion
(gains an electron) |
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| sweetness, sugar, glucose |
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| measure, instrument used to measure |
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| downward displacement, fall, sag |
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| activities of daily living |
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| rest, ice, compression, elevate |
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| presence of a disease within a given population at all times |
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| a sudden & widespread outbreak of a disease within a given population |
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Definition
| study of the causes of disease |
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Definition
| a disorder in which there are no detectable physical changes to explain the symptoms |
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| an unintended adverse condition in a patient resulting from medical treatment |
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| an illness that occurs without any known cause |
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Definition
| an illness caused by a pathogenic organism |
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| an infection acquired from the place of treatment |
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Definition
| a disease accompanied by pathological physical changes that explain the illness |
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| occuring over a large geographic area; a widespread epidemic |
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| membrane transport process that requires cellular energy |
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Definition
| division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis to form two separate daughter cells |
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Definition
| movement of atoms, ions, or molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
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Definition
| type of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced to one half the number found in a body cell; results in the formation of an egg or sperm |
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| process by which the nucleus of a body cell divides to form two new cells, each identical to the parent cell |
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Definition
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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| membrane transport process that does not require energy |
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| cell eating; a form of endocytosis in which solid particles are taken into the cell |
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| cell drinking; a form of endocytosis in which fluid droplets are taken into the cell |
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| an opening that is surgically created |
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| to love, have affinity for |
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| loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type; characteristic of cancer |
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| wasting away; a decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part |
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| not malignant; not recurring |
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Definition
an agent that causes cancer;
examples: chemical, drugs, radiation & viruses |
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Definition
| an abnormal condition that is present at birth and continues to exist from the time of birth |
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Definition
| study of cells including their origin, structure, function & pathology |
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Definition
| abnormality in development; alteration in size, shape & organization of cells |
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Definition
| condition or disease that is caused by a defective gene and may appear at any time in life; also called a "hereditary disorder" |
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Definition
| abnormal increase in the number of cells resulting from an increase in the frequency of cell division |
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Definition
| enlargement of an organ attributable to an increase in the size of the individual constituent cells |
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Definition
| tending to become worse & result in death; refers to tumors having the characteristics of invasiveness, anaplasia, & metastasis |
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Definition
| transformation of one cell type into another cell type |
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Definition
| spread of a tumor to a secondary site |
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Definition
| death of cells or groups of cells |
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| any new or abnormal growth; a tumor |
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| aspiration, biopsy, cytology |
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| magnetic resonance imaging |
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| position emission tomography |
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| recommended daily allowance |
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Definition
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Definition
| strong and flexible connective tissue fibers that contain the protein collagen |
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Definition
| yellow connective tissue fibers that are not particularly stong, but can be stretched & will return to their normal shape when released |
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Definition
| connective tissue cell that produces fibers |
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Definition
| branch of microscopic anatomy that studies tissues |
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| large phagocytic connect tissue cell that functions in immune responses |
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Definition
| a connective tissue cell that produces heparin and histamine |
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Definition
| supporting cells of nervous tissue; cells in nervous tissue that do not conduct impulses |
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| nerve cell, including its processes; conducting cell of nervous tissue |
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| group of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function |
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| abnormal joining of tissues by fibrous scar tissue |
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Definition
| removal and microscopic examination of body tissue |
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Definition
| a malignant growth derived from epithelial cells |
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Definition
| branch of microscopic anatomy that studies tissues |
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Definition
| benign tumors derived from fat cells |
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Definition
| a congenital disorder of connective tissue characterized by abnormal length of the extremities & cardiovascular abnormalities |
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Definition
| benign tumor formed of muscle tissue |
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Definition
| benign epithelial tumor; may occur on any epithelial surface or lining |
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Definition
| branch of medicine that studies the essential nature of disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues |
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Definition
| a malignant growth derived from connective tissue cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin C in the diet, which results in abnormal collagen synthesis |
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Term
| systemic lupus erythematous |
|
Definition
| chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by injury to the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, & mucous membranes, but can affect any organ of the body |
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