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| The smallest stable unit of matter. They consist of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons. |
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| Compounds that stabilize pH by either removing or replacing hydrogen ions. |
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| an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. |
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| a chemical bond between atoms that involves the sharing of electrons. |
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| a chemical reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller fragments. |
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| a soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution. |
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| one of the three fundamental particles: a subatomic particle that bears a negative charge and normally orbits the protons of the nucleus. |
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| all of the atoms with the same atomic number |
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| a protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction. |
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| an atom or molecule that has an electrical charge. |
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| forms of an element whose atoms conain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons (and thus a differ in atomic weight). |
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| an organic compound containing carbons, hydrogens and oxygens in a ratio that does not approximate 1:2:1; including fats, oils and waxes |
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| the sum of all biochemical process underway in the body at a given moment; includes anabolism and catabolism |
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| a chemical structure containing two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds |
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| a cell in neutral tissue specialized for intercellular communication by (1) changes in membrane potential and (2) synaptic connections |
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| A chain of nucleotides containing a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases that regulate the synthesis of proteins and make up the genetic material in cells. |
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| a large polypeptide with a complex structure. |
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| a sub atomic particle with a positive charge and is similar in size and weight with neutrons |
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| Oxygen and neon are both gases at room temperature. Oxygen combines readily with other elements but neon does not. Why? |
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Definition
| Atoms combine with each other such that their outer electron shells have a complete set of electrons. Oxygen atoms do not have a full outer electron shell and so will readily react with many other elements to attain this stable arrangement. Neon already has a full outer shell and, thus, has little tendency to combine with other elements. |
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| How is it possible for two samples of hydrogen to contain the same number of atoms but have two different weights? |
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| Hydrogen can exist as three different isotopes: hydrogen-1, with a mass of 1; hydrogen-2, with a mass of 2; and hydrogen-3, with a mass of 3. The heavier sample must contain a higher proportion of one or both of the heavier isotopes. |
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| What kind of bonds holds atoms in a water molecule together? Which kind of bond attracts attracts water molecules to each other? |
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Definition
A water molecule is formed by polor covalent bonds.
Water molecules are attracted to one another by hydrogen bonds. |
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| What does an Atom consist of? |
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| Protons, Neutrons and electrons. |
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| What does carbohydrates do? |
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| are most important as an energy source for metabolic process. |
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| What are the three major types of carbohydrates? |
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| monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. |
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| What are the 4 important types of lipids? |
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| Fatty acids, Fats, Steroids, and Phospholipids. |
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| Tryglyceerids (fats) consist of what three fatty acid molecules attached to a molecule of what? |
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In atoms, protons and neutrons are found:
a) only in the nucleus.
b) outside the nucleus.
c) inside and outside the nucleus.
d) in the electron cloud. |
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the number and arrangement of electrons in an atom's outer electron shell determine its:
a) atomic weight
b) atomic number
c) electrical properties
d) chemical properties |
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the bond between sodium and chlorine in the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) is:
a) an ionic bond
b) a single covalent bond
c) a nonpolar covalent bond
d) a double covalent bond |
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| What are the six most abundant elements in the body? |
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Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus |
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| what are the four major classes of organic compounds found in the body? |
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| carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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| List 7 major functions performed by proteins. |
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| support, movement, transport, buffering, coordination, and defense. |
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| Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 electrons. What is its atomic mass? |
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| Gluclose and fructose are examples of _____? |
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| monosaccharides (simple sugars) |
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