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Anatomy and Physiology ZOOL201
N/A
166
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/12/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Abdominal
Definition
Abdomen
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition

Double membrane structure pierced by pores. Outer membrane is continuous with the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

This separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulats the passage of substances to and from the nucleus.

Term
Fibular or Peroneal
Definition
The side of the leg
Term
Digital
Definition
Fingers or toes
Term
Erythrocytes
Definition
Red Blood Cells
Term
Left Hypochondriac Region
Definition
Region located to the right of the epigastric region.
Term
Pleural Cavities
Definition
Each of these Thoracic Cavities includes the lungs.
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
Connective tissue located between the vertebral disks , between the pubic bones of the pelvis and in the meniscus inthe knee joint.
Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Epithelial tissue located in the epidermis, the inner lining o the buccal cavity and in the endometrium of the uterus.
Term
Axillary
Definition
Arm Pit
Term
Left Lumbar Region
Definition
This region is located to the right of the Umbilical Region.
Term
Skeletal System
Definition
This system of the body helps to support the body and provides attechment points for muscles.
Term
Antecubital
Definition
Anterior side of the elbow
Term
Elastic Cartilage
Definition
Connective Tissue found in the external ear flap and the epiglottis covering the larynx.
Term
Vertebral
Definition
Spinal Column
Term
Coxal
Definition
Hip
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
This body cavity encases the skull which encases the brain.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Rodlike, double membrand structures. The inner membrane is folded into projections called cristae.

It is the site of ATP synthasis and the power house ofthe cell.
Term
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
This is the site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detoxifiation.
Term
Adipose Connective Tissue
Definition

Connective Tissues that have high lipid content and are found in fat deposits throughout the body.

Term
Calcaneal
Definition
heel
Term
Tarsal
Definition
Ankle
Term
Isotonic Solution
Definition
In this type of soution the cell would most likely remain the same because the concentration outside of the cell is relatively eual to that of the inside of the cell.
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
This is a region of the body that different tubes pass through, it contains the pericardial cavity.
Term
Palmar
Definition
palm
Term
Nasal
Definition
Nose
Term
Flagella
Definition
like cilium, but lnger. This propells cells such as sperm.
Term
Oral
Definition
Mouth
Term
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
This membrane system is studed with ribosomes and is the site where synthesis of phospholipids occurs. This also binds proteins to transport vesicles headed to the golgi apparatus.
Term
Muscular System
Definition
System of the body that allows for movement.
Term
Sacral
Definition
Between the hips
Term
Synovial Cavities
Definition
These body cavities are at joints.
Term
Pollex
Definition
thumb
Term
Intermediat Filaments
Definition
Protein fibers that are a component of the cytoskeleton and resist mechanical forces acting on the cell.
Term
Olecranal
Definition
The posterior part of the elbow
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
This body cavity contains the pleural cavities, the mediastinum and the pericardial cavity.
Term
Hypotonic Solution
Definition
In this type of solution the cell would swell due to a higher concentration outside of the cell in comparison to inside the cell.
Term
Inguinal
Definition
groin
Term
Pelvic Cavity
Definition
This abdominopelvic cavity contains the bladder, some of the reproductive organs and the rectum.
Term
Pedal
Definition
foot
Term
Hyaline Cartilage
Definition
This type of connective tissue is found between the ribs nad the sternum, in the outer nose, and in the articular cartilage of movable joints.
Term
Gluteal
Definition
buttock
Term
Acromial
Definition
the point of the shoulder
Term
Urinary System
Definition
The system of the body which is involved in the elimination of nitrogenous wastes as well as regulating he concentration of certain elements inthe blood.
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
The part of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides.
Term
Cephalic
Definition
head
Term
Lumbar
Definition
loin, or lower back.
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
This organelle packages, modifies nad segregates proteins for secretion from the cell, inclusion in lysosomes and incorporation into the plasma membrane.
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
These filaments are involved in muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movement; help form the cell's cytoskeleton.
Term
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Definition
This type of epithelium is found in thel ining of arteries and veins, in the outer regions ofthe kidneys and in the inner surface of heart chambers.
Term
Plantar
Definition
Sole of the foot
Term
Abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
This ventral body cavity includes the abdominal and pelic cavities.
Term
Bone Tissue
Definition
This type of connective tissue is found on the outer surface of bones.
Term
Buccal
Definition
Cheek
Term
Nervous System
Definition
The system of the body which is the control and response center of the body.
Term
Respiratory System
Definition
This system of the body keeps the blood suplied with oxygen and illiminates carbon dioxide.
Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
This type of epithelium is found in kidney tubules, pancreas ducts, and liver glands.
Term
Manus
Definition
Hand
Term
Hallux
Definition
The "great" or big toe
Term
Sternal
Definition
The breast bone
Term
Otic
Definition
Ear
Term
Skeletal Muscles
Definition
The only voluntary type of muscle tissue covered in class.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
largest organelle in the cell, the control center of the cell,responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis.
Term
Vertebral Cavity
Definition
 This cavity encloses the spinal cord.
Term
Reticular Connective Tissue
Definition
This type of connective tissue is found in the dermis, lymphnodes, spleen and liver.
Term
Dorsal Body Cavity
Definition
This is made up of the vertebral and the cranial cavities.
Term
Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region
Definition
This region is to the left of the hypergastric region.
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
white blood cells
Term
Digestive System
Definition
This body system breaks down foodstuffs into simpler substances which can be absorbed by the blood.
Term
Dorsum or Dorsal
Definition
Back
Term
Brachial
Definition
arm
Term
Occipital
Definition
back of the head or base of the skull
Term
Epigastric Region
Definition
This region has the hypochondriac regions on each side and is the uppermost region.
Term
Mitosis
Definition
This is the part of the cell cycle where the replicated DNA is parceled out to the two daughter cells. This includes Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
This system of the body transport blood, which carries oxygen and other needed substances through the body.
Term
Umbilical
Definition
Naval
Term
Mammary
Definition
breast
Term
Oral and Digestive Cavities
Definition
these cavities contain the teeth, tongue and the digestive organs includingthe anus.
Term
Interphase
Definition
This phase is the rest period between cell division and cell formation.
Term
Centrioles
Definition

These organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters.

 

They form the bases of cilia and flagella.

 

They are also used for storage for nutrients, wastes and cell products.

Term
Microtubules
Definition
These culindrical structures (made of tubulin) support the cll and give it shape.
Term
Femoral
Definition
Thigh
Term
Cervical
Definition
Neck
Term
Patellar
Definition
Anterior part of the knee
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
This system ofthe body secretes regulatory hormones.
Term
Thrombocytes
Definition
Platelets
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
This system ofthe body is involved in immunity and houseswhite blood cells.
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
This muscle tissue is found in the walls of arteries and veins, the urinary bladder and the digestive system.
Term
Blood
Definition
A type of fluid connetive tissue with no interstitial fibers and is surounded by a watery matrix called Plasma.
Term
Sural
Definition
Calf
Term
Orbital Cavities
Definition
Cavities in the skull that house the eyes.
Term
Pelvic
Definition
Pelvis
Term
Microvilli
Definition
These are tubular extentions ofthe plasma membrane which contain actin filaments. These increase surface area for absorption.
Term
Pubic
Definition
genital region
Term
Umbilical Region
Definition
The central most region, with the lumbr regions to either side.
Term
G1
Definition
This phase of cell division is where the cell is metabolically active, synthesizing proteins rapidly and growing vigorously. (normal cell stuff)
Term
Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
Definition
This is the lowermost region, which has the iliac regions to either side.
Term
Right Lumbar Region
Definition
this region is to the left of the umbilical region.
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Definition
This epithelial tissue is found in the inner lining of the large and small intestines.
Term
Cilia
Definition
These are involved in moving substances across a cell surface.
Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
This cavity is located within andposterior to the nose.
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
This muscle tissue is found along hte heart wall.
Term
Hypertonic Solution
Definition
In this type of solution, the cell will most likely shrink due to a higher cocentration ofa substance insid the cell in comparison to outside the cell.
Term
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Definition
This type of epitelian tissue is found in the respiratory tract and the linin o the fallopian tubes.
Term
Abdominal Cavity
Definition
This abdominopelvic cavity contains much ofthe digestive organs including the stomach, liver, intestines and spleen.
Term
Vertebral Body Cavity
Definition
This bodycavity houses the spinal Chord
Term
Frontal
Definition
Forehead
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
These are the sites of protein synthesis, found free or attached to the rough endoplasmicreticulum.
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
A dome shaped muscle which separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity. This is nesessary for breath.
Term
Thoracic
Definition
Chest
Term
Carpal
Definition
Wrist
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition
Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes. It detoxifies a number of toxic substances.
Term
Areolar Connective Tissue
Definition
Connective tissue which is used as filler between organs and structures. It also helps fill in the under tissue of the skin.
Term
Perineal
Definition
The region between the anus and the external genitalia.
Term
Crural
Definition
Leg (shin)
Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition
This body cavity contains the heart and surrounds the trachea, esophagus and other thoracic organs.
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
These are the sites of intracellular digestion.
Term
Integumentary System
Definition
ths is the system of the body which includes the external body covering which protects the body from damage.
Term
S Phase
Definition
 This phase of the cell cycle is where DNA is replicated.
Term
Popliteal
Definition
The posterior side of the knee.
Term
Left Iliac (Inguinal) Region
Definition
This region is found to the viewer's right side of the hypergastric region.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
These are composed of DNA
Term
Orbital
Definition
Eye
Term
Antebrachial
Definition
Forearm
Term
Scapular
Definition
Shoulder Blade
Term
Mental
Definition
Chin
Term
Stratum Lucidum
Definition
This appears as a thin, translucent band just above the stratum granulosum. It consists of a few rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes with distinct boundaries.
Term
Stratum Granulosum
Definition
This consists of three to five layers of thick, flattened cells where the nuclei and organelles have disintegrated. These contain waterproof glycolipids.
Term
Stratum Spinosum
Definition
This epidermal layer is several layers thick. It contains a weblike system of intermediate fillaments. They are irregular and spinny in shape and are sometimes refered to as "Prickle Cells."
Term
Stratum Basale
Definition
This is the deepest layer of epidermal cells attached to the underlying dermis. This consists of a single row of cells that are rapidly dividing.
Term
The three layers of the skin
Definition

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Term
Keratinocytes
Definition
Epidermal Cells that produce keratin.
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
This consists of 20-30 layers and is 3/4 of the epidermal thickness. This protects the skin against abrasion and penetration and glycolipis between the cells waterproof this layer.
Term
Cytology
Definition
This studies the cells of the body.
Term
The Four Types of Tissue
Definition

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

and

Nervous

Term
Distal
Definition
Further from the point of attachment
Term
Receptor
Definition
This is some sort of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes by sending input to the control center.
Term
Chemical Level
Definition
This is the level of tructural organization which involves atoms and molecules.
Term
Lateral
Definition
this is desribing a structure that is further from the midline of the body.
Term
Histology
Definition
This is a specific form of microscopic anatomy studying tissues.
Term
Digestion
Definition
This is the necessary life function in which living organisms are able to break down and ingest foodstuffs into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the organism.
Term
Auscultation
Definition
Term meaning to listen to organ sounds with a stethescope.
Term
Transverse or Horizontal Plane
Definition
This plane divides the body into inferior and superior parts.
Term
Gross Anatomy
Definition
This is the study of large body structures that are visible tothe naked eye.
Term
Tissue Level
Definition
This is the level of structural organization which involves groups of similar cells that have a common function.
Term
Oblique Sections
Definition
These sections are cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes.
Term
Efferent Pathway
Definition
This is the pathway which carries the output, in homeostatic events, from the control center, to the effector.
Term
Movement
Definition
This is the necessary life function where the living organism uses activitie promoted by the muscular system. It also includes the passage of blood and digestive substanes
Term
Medial
Definition
Toward the midline of the body.
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Toward the back of the body. (behind)
Term
Contractility
Definition
On the cellular level, this is the muscle cell's ability to move by shortening.
Term
Variables in Homeostasis
Definition
These are the factors or events being regulated ina homeostatic event.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
This describes the body's ability to maintain a relativey stable internal condition even though the external environment changes continuously.
Term

Median

or

Midsagittal Plane

Definition
This is the plane which divides the body into exact left and exact right halves.
Term
Maintaining Boundaries
Definition
This is the necessary life function where a living organism keeps it's invernal environment distinct from it's outside environment. It is able to be protected from bacteria , damage and external environmental changes.
Term
Superior
Definition
A directional term for "toward the head" or "above"
Term
Embryology
Definition
A subdivision of deveopmental anatomy concerning developmental changes that occur before birth.
Term
Parietal Serosa
Definition
The part of the serosa lining the cavity walls.
Term
Developmental Anatomy
Definition
This is the anatomical study considering structural changes that occur inthe body through-out the life span.
Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Term
Energy
Definition
This is defined as the capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion
Term
Chemical Energy
Definition
This form of energy is stored in the bonds of chemical substances.
Term
Electrical Energy
Definition
This type of energy resuts from the movement of charged particles.
Term
Mechanical Energy
Definition
This form of energy is directly involved in moving matter. (ex: when you ride a bicycle)
Term
Radient/Electromagnetic Energy
Definition
This form of energy is energy that travels in waves.
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